Graphemes for /o/ and Related Phonemes

Close-mid

/o/ - close-mid back rounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ast-Latn	<o>	pota ‘pot’
bcy-Latn	<o>	ome ‘stranger’
bec-Latn	<io>	cioo ‘no way!’
bec-Latn	<o>	igose ‘green mamba’, ato ‘bungalow’
blt-Tavt	<ꪶ>	ꪶꪬꪀ ‘six’
de-Latn	<oh>	ohne ‘without’
de-Latn	<o>	Tod ‘death’
dv-Thaa	<◌ޮ>	ކޮބާ
es-Latn	<o>	ocho ‘eight’
fub-Arab	<ع◌ٛ>	عٛݠّٜرٜ ‘fever’	word initial
fub-Arab	<◌ٛ>	دٛکَّلْ ‘gift’, حٛکُّغٛ ‘to give’
fub-Latn	<o>	oppere ‘fever’, dokkal ‘gift’, hokkugo ‘to give’
ha-Latn	<o>	yaro ‘boy’
id-Latn	<o>	opor ‘stew’
ii-Latn	<o>	bbo ‘go’
ne-Deva	<ओ>	ओरालो ‘downhill slope’
ne-Deva	<◌ो>	राम्रो ‘good’
png-Latn	<o>	koko, turo
ru-Cyrl	<о>	о́блако ‘cloud’	When stressed
ru-Cyrl	<ё>	шёпот ‘whisper’	When stressed
srr-Arab	<ا◌ࣷ>	اࣷنقࣹ ‘(article)’	word initial
srr-Arab	<◌ࣷ>	دࣷنْ ‘to perceive’
srr-Latn	<o>	for ‘slim’
wo-Arab	<◌ٗ>	خٗگْ ‘to get up’
wo-Latn	<o◌́>	jóg ‘to get up’

/oː/ - lengthened close-mid back rounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
apd-Latn	<oo>	mooz ‘bananas’
apd-Latn	<ō>	mōz ‘bananas’	Hillelson orthography
bcy-Latn	<oo>	ootə ‘sickness’
fub-Arab	<ع◌ٛو>	عٛورُغٛ ‘to graze (cows)’	word initial
fub-Arab	<◌ٛو>	کِيتٛووٛ ‘judge’, بٛو ‘also’	unlike the waw consonant, when waw elongates a vowel it does not take a sukun
fub-Latn	<oo>	oorugo ‘to graze (cows)’, kiitoowo ‘judge’, boo ‘also’
ha-Latn	<o>	zobe ‘ring’
png-Latn	<oo>	hoogi, kooci
srr-Arab	<ا◌ࣷو>	اࣷو ‘(article-example)’	word initial
srr-Arab	<و◌ࣷ>	ࢢࣷوخْ ‘mouse’
srr-Latn	<oo>	foor ‘mature’
wo-Arab	<ا◌ٗو>	اٗومْ ‘knee’	word initial
wo-Arab	<◌ٗو>	گٗورْ ‘(be a) man, male’
wo-Latn	<o◌́o>	góor ‘(be a) man, male’

/o̙/ - RTR close-mid back rounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ii-Latn	<uo>	uotie ‘turban’

Mid

/o̞/ - mid back rounded vowel

None

/o̞ː/ - lengthened mid back rounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
dv-Thaa	<◌ޯ>	ސޯޅަ

Open-mid

/ɔ/ - open-mid back rounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
bec-Latn	<ɔ>	ɛŋgɔl ‘money’, ɛsɔ ‘elephant’
blt-Tavt	<ꪮ>		in open syllables
blt-Tavt	<◌ꪷ>	ꪀꪷ ‘plant’	in open syllables only
de-Latn	<o>	Gott ‘God’
en-Latn	<au>	fault	A longer vowel occurs in UK dialects. /ɔ/ merges with /ɑ/ in many American dialects.
en-Latn	<aw>	saw	/ɔ/ merges with /ɑ/ in many American dialects.
en-Latn	<a>	tall	A longer vowel occurs in UK dialects. /ɔ/ merges with /ɑ/ in many American dialects.
en-Latn	<ou>	cough	/ɔ/ merges with /ɑ/ in many American dialects.
lbw-Latn	<o>	one ‘sand’, sao ‘snake’
nat-Latn	<o>	okoba ‘black snake’, birogo ‘rock’
png-Latn	<o◌̱>	o̱to̱, no̱no̱
wo-Arab	<ا◌ࣷ>	اࣷلِوْ ‘olive’	word initial
wo-Arab	<◌ࣷ>	خࣷلْ ‘heart’
wo-Latn	<o>	xol ‘heart’
xnz-Copt	<ⲟ>
xnz-Latn	<o>
yba-Latn	<ɔ>	ɔrɔ

/ɔ̃/ - nasalized open-mid back rounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
nat-Latn	<on>	anzwon ‘rabbit’, a’yanrwon ‘stove’
png-Latn	<o◌̱n>	yo̱n, no̱no̱

/ɔː/ - lengthened open-mid back rounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
nat-Latn	<oo>	a̱hoogi ‘nest’
png-Latn	<o◌̱o◌̱>	tano̱o̱, yo̱o̱
wo-Arab	<ا◌ࣷو>	اࣷوسْ ‘(fish) hook’	word initial
wo-Arab	<◌ࣷو>	خࣷولْ ‘to watch’
wo-Latn	<oo>	xool ‘to watch’
xnz-Copt	<ⲟ◌̄>
xnz-Latn	<oo>