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Graphemes for /u/ and Related Phonemes

/u/ - close back rounded vowel

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
apd-Latn <u> sukaar ‘sugar’
ar-Arab <◌ُ> كَيْفَ حا لُكَ ‘how are you’
ast-Latn <u> puta ‘whore’
bcy-Latn <u> usəkə ‘thanks’
bec-Latn <u> ikule ‘guinea corn’, ofolu ‘soup’
blt-Tavt <◌ꪴ> ꪬꪴ ‘ear’
de-Latn <uh> Uhr ‘clock’
de-Latn <u> Blut ‘blood’
dv-Thaa <◌ު> އުޑު
en-Latn <ew> drew
en-Latn <oe> canoe
en-Latn <oo> food
en-Latn <ough> through
en-Latn <ou> you
en-Latn <o> to, approve, who
en-Latn <ui> fruit
en-Latn <u> congruent, affluent
es-Latn <u> mucho ‘much’
fub-Arab <ع◌ُ> عُرْدِ ‘perfume’word initial
fub-Arab <◌ُ> وُجَاغٛ ‘to rub’, ݠُشُّ ‘horse’
fub-Latn <u> urdi ‘perfume’, wujaago ‘to rub’, puccu ‘horse’
ha-Latn <u> wuƙa ‘knife’
id-Latn <u> ulur ‘extend’
lbw-Latn <u> ulu ‘head’, posu ‘bile’
nat-Latn <u> a̱rugu ‘he-goat’, uwuru ‘locust bean tree’
ne-Deva <> उड्नु ‘to fly’
ne-Deva <> ऊन ‘wool’
ne-Deva <◌ु> मुटु ‘heart’
ne-Deva <◌ू> पूजा ‘worship’
png-Latn <u> uzuzu, butu
ru-Cyrl <у> пу́ля ‘bullet’
ru-Cyrl <ю> лю́ди ‘people’, люби́ть ‘to love’
srr-Arab <ا◌ُ> اُنْ ‘grind/mortar’word initial
srr-Arab <◌ُ> گُتْ ‘pipe’
srr-Latn <u> fud ‘stomach’
wo-Arab <ا◌ُ> اُبِّ ‘to open’word initial
wo-Arab <◌ُ> تُرْ ‘name’
wo-Latn <u> tur ‘name’
xnz-Copt <>
xnz-Copt <> Possible alternative to ‹ⲟⲩ› for /u/
xnz-Latn <u>
yba-Latn <u> ugu

/ũ/ - nasalized close back rounded vowel

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
ar-Arab <◌ٌ> غَفُورٌ ‘forgiving’
nat-Latn <un> a̱hunrun ‘life’, a̱’unrun ‘mortar’
ne-Deva <◌ँ> गाउँले ‘rural’
ne-Deva <◌ँ> ऊँट ‘camel’
ne-Deva <◌ु◌ँ> हुँ ‘am’
png-Latn <un> runrun, hunranrana

/uː/ - lengthened close back rounded vowel

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
apd-Latn <uu> hiduum ‘clothes’
apd-Latn <ū> hidūm ‘clothes’Hillelson orthography
ar-Arab <و> مسرور ‘pleased’
bcy-Latn <uu> uule ‘bone’
dv-Thaa <◌ޫ> ދޫނި
fub-Arab <ع◌ُو> عُورْغٛ ‘to smell good’word initial
fub-Arab <◌ُو> مِحُووِ ‘I worked’, ڢُو ‘all’unlike the waw consonant, when waw elongates a vowel it does not take a sukun
fub-Latn <uu> uurgo ‘to smell good’, mi huuwi ‘I worked’, fuu ‘all’
ha-Latn <u> ƙura, ‘dust’
ha-Latn <ū> dūka ‘to beat’, musū ‘denial’Macron is written only when meaning is not obvious.
nat-Latn <uu> a̱luuzi ‘sickle’, duula̱ ‘slow’
png-Latn <uu> ruuzhe, aꞌuugo
srr-Arab <ا◌ُو> اُوتْ ‘wound’word initial
srr-Arab <و◌ُ> فُودْ ‘watch a show’
srr-Latn <uu> fuud ‘watch a show’
wo-Arab <ا◌ُو> اُوفࣹ ‘(to) shelter’word initial
wo-Arab <◌ُو> تُورْ ‘to spill’
wo-Latn <uu> tuur ‘to spill’
xnz-Copt <◌̅◌̅>
xnz-Latn <uu>

/ʊ/ - near-close near-back rounded vowel

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
bec-Latn <ʉ> ɔnʉl ‘person’, ɛmʉ ‘speech’
de-Latn <u> und ‘and’, Kunst ‘art’
en-Latn <oo> good, foot
en-Latn <o> woman
en-Latn <u> put

/o/ - close-mid back rounded vowel

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
ast-Latn <o> pota ‘pot’
bcy-Latn <o> ome ‘stranger’
bec-Latn <io> cioo ‘no way!’
bec-Latn <o> igose ‘green mamba’, ato ‘bungalow’
blt-Tavt <> ꪶꪬꪀ ‘six’
de-Latn <oh> ohne ‘without’
de-Latn <o> Tod ‘death’
dv-Thaa <◌ޮ> ކޮބާ
es-Latn <o> ocho ‘eight’
fub-Arab <ع◌ٛ> عٛݠّٜرٜ ‘fever’word initial
fub-Arab <◌ٛ> دٛکَّلْ ‘gift’, حٛکُّغٛ ‘to give’
fub-Latn <o> oppere ‘fever’, dokkal ‘gift’, hokkugo ‘to give’
ha-Latn <o> yaro ‘boy’
id-Latn <o> opor ‘stew’
ii-Latn <o> bbo ‘go’
ne-Deva <> ओरालो ‘downhill slope’
ne-Deva <◌ो> राम्रो ‘good’
png-Latn <o> koko, turo
ru-Cyrl <о> о́блако ‘cloud’When stressed
ru-Cyrl <ё> шёпот ‘whisper’When stressed
srr-Arab <ا◌ࣷ> اࣷنقࣹ ‘(article)’word initial
srr-Arab <◌ࣷ> دࣷنْ ‘to perceive’
srr-Latn <o> for ‘slim’
wo-Arab <◌ٗ> خٗگْ ‘to get up’
wo-Latn <o◌́> jóg ‘to get up’

/oː/ - lengthened close-mid back rounded vowel

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
apd-Latn <oo> mooz ‘bananas’
apd-Latn <ō> mōz ‘bananas’Hillelson orthography
bcy-Latn <oo> ootə ‘sickness’
fub-Arab <ع◌ٛو> عٛورُغٛ ‘to graze (cows)’word initial
fub-Arab <◌ٛو> کِيتٛووٛ ‘judge’, بٛو ‘also’unlike the waw consonant, when waw elongates a vowel it does not take a sukun
fub-Latn <oo> oorugo ‘to graze (cows)’, kiitoowo ‘judge’, boo ‘also’
ha-Latn <o> zobe ‘ring’
png-Latn <oo> hoogi, kooci
srr-Arab <ا◌ࣷو> اࣷو ‘(article-example)’word initial
srr-Arab <و◌ࣷ> ࢢࣷوخْ ‘mouse’
srr-Latn <oo> foor ‘mature’
wo-Arab <ا◌ٗو> اٗومْ ‘knee’word initial
wo-Arab <◌ٗو> گٗورْ ‘(be a) man, male’
wo-Latn <o◌́o> góor ‘(be a) man, male’

/o̙/ - RTR close-mid back rounded vowel

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
ii-Latn <uo> uotie ‘turban’