Graphemes for /u/ and Related Phonemes
/u/ - close back rounded vowel
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| apd-Latn | <u> | sukaar ‘sugar’ | |
| ar-Arab | <◌ُ> | كَيْفَ حا لُكَ ‘how are you’ | |
| ast-Latn | <u> | puta ‘whore’ | |
| bcy-Latn | <u> | usəkə ‘thanks’ | |
| bec-Latn | <u> | ikule ‘guinea corn’, ofolu ‘soup’ | |
| blt-Tavt | <◌ꪴ> | ꪬꪴ ‘ear’ | |
| de-Latn | <uh> | Uhr ‘clock’ | |
| de-Latn | <u> | Blut ‘blood’ | |
| dv-Thaa | <◌ު> | އުޑު | |
| en-Latn | <ew> | drew | |
| en-Latn | <oe> | canoe | |
| en-Latn | <oo> | food | |
| en-Latn | <ough> | through | |
| en-Latn | <ou> | you | |
| en-Latn | <o> | to, approve, who | |
| en-Latn | <ui> | fruit | |
| en-Latn | <u> | congruent, affluent | |
| es-Latn | <u> | mucho ‘much’ | |
| fub-Arab | <ع◌ُ> | عُرْدِ ‘perfume’ | word initial |
| fub-Arab | <◌ُ> | وُجَاغٛ ‘to rub’, ݠُشُّ ‘horse’ | |
| fub-Latn | <u> | urdi ‘perfume’, wujaago ‘to rub’, puccu ‘horse’ | |
| ha-Latn | <u> | wuƙa ‘knife’ | |
| id-Latn | <u> | ulur ‘extend’ | |
| lbw-Latn | <u> | ulu ‘head’, posu ‘bile’ | |
| nat-Latn | <u> | a̱rugu ‘he-goat’, uwuru ‘locust bean tree’ | |
| ne-Deva | <उ> | उड्नु ‘to fly’ | |
| ne-Deva | <ऊ> | ऊन ‘wool’ | |
| ne-Deva | <◌ु> | मुटु ‘heart’ | |
| ne-Deva | <◌ू> | पूजा ‘worship’ | |
| png-Latn | <u> | uzuzu, butu | |
| ru-Cyrl | <у> | пу́ля ‘bullet’ | |
| ru-Cyrl | <ю> | лю́ди ‘people’, люби́ть ‘to love’ | |
| srr-Arab | <ا◌ُ> | اُنْ ‘grind/mortar’ | word initial |
| srr-Arab | <◌ُ> | گُتْ ‘pipe’ | |
| srr-Latn | <u> | fud ‘stomach’ | |
| wo-Arab | <ا◌ُ> | اُبِّ ‘to open’ | word initial |
| wo-Arab | <◌ُ> | تُرْ ‘name’ | |
| wo-Latn | <u> | tur ‘name’ | |
| xnz-Copt | <ⲟⲩ> | ||
| xnz-Copt | <ⲩ> | Possible alternative to ‹ⲟⲩ› for /u/ | |
| xnz-Latn | <u> | ||
| yba-Latn | <u> | ugu |
/ũ/ - nasalized close back rounded vowel
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ar-Arab | <◌ٌ> | غَفُورٌ ‘forgiving’ | |
| nat-Latn | <un> | a̱hunrun ‘life’, a̱’unrun ‘mortar’ | |
| ne-Deva | <उ◌ँ> | गाउँले ‘rural’ | |
| ne-Deva | <ऊ◌ँ> | ऊँट ‘camel’ | |
| ne-Deva | <◌ु◌ँ> | हुँ ‘am’ | |
| png-Latn | <un> | runrun, hunranrana |
/uː/ - lengthened close back rounded vowel
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| apd-Latn | <uu> | hiduum ‘clothes’ | |
| apd-Latn | <ū> | hidūm ‘clothes’ | Hillelson orthography |
| ar-Arab | <و> | مسرور ‘pleased’ | |
| bcy-Latn | <uu> | uule ‘bone’ | |
| dv-Thaa | <◌ޫ> | ދޫނި | |
| fub-Arab | <ع◌ُو> | عُورْغٛ ‘to smell good’ | word initial |
| fub-Arab | <◌ُو> | مِحُووِ ‘I worked’, ڢُو ‘all’ | unlike the waw consonant, when waw elongates a vowel it does not take a sukun |
| fub-Latn | <uu> | uurgo ‘to smell good’, mi huuwi ‘I worked’, fuu ‘all’ | |
| ha-Latn | <u> | ƙura, ‘dust’ | |
| ha-Latn | <ū> | dūka ‘to beat’, musū ‘denial’ | Macron is written only when meaning is not obvious. |
| nat-Latn | <uu> | a̱luuzi ‘sickle’, duula̱ ‘slow’ | |
| png-Latn | <uu> | ruuzhe, aꞌuugo | |
| srr-Arab | <ا◌ُو> | اُوتْ ‘wound’ | word initial |
| srr-Arab | <و◌ُ> | فُودْ ‘watch a show’ | |
| srr-Latn | <uu> | fuud ‘watch a show’ | |
| wo-Arab | <ا◌ُو> | اُوفࣹ ‘(to) shelter’ | word initial |
| wo-Arab | <◌ُو> | تُورْ ‘to spill’ | |
| wo-Latn | <uu> | tuur ‘to spill’ | |
| xnz-Copt | <ⲟ◌̅ⲩ◌̅> | ||
| xnz-Latn | <uu> |
Near-close
Section titled “Near-close”/ʊ/ - near-close near-back rounded vowel
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| bec-Latn | <ʉ> | ɔnʉl ‘person’, ɛmʉ ‘speech’ | |
| de-Latn | <u> | und ‘and’, Kunst ‘art’ | |
| en-Latn | <oo> | good, foot | |
| en-Latn | <o> | woman | |
| en-Latn | <u> | put |
Close-mid
Section titled “Close-mid”/o/ - close-mid back rounded vowel
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ast-Latn | <o> | pota ‘pot’ | |
| bcy-Latn | <o> | ome ‘stranger’ | |
| bec-Latn | <io> | cioo ‘no way!’ | |
| bec-Latn | <o> | igose ‘green mamba’, ato ‘bungalow’ | |
| blt-Tavt | <ꪶ> | ꪶꪬꪀ ‘six’ | |
| de-Latn | <oh> | ohne ‘without’ | |
| de-Latn | <o> | Tod ‘death’ | |
| dv-Thaa | <◌ޮ> | ކޮބާ | |
| es-Latn | <o> | ocho ‘eight’ | |
| fub-Arab | <ع◌ٛ> | عٛݠّٜرٜ ‘fever’ | word initial |
| fub-Arab | <◌ٛ> | دٛکَّلْ ‘gift’, حٛکُّغٛ ‘to give’ | |
| fub-Latn | <o> | oppere ‘fever’, dokkal ‘gift’, hokkugo ‘to give’ | |
| ha-Latn | <o> | yaro ‘boy’ | |
| id-Latn | <o> | opor ‘stew’ | |
| ii-Latn | <o> | bbo ‘go’ | |
| ne-Deva | <ओ> | ओरालो ‘downhill slope’ | |
| ne-Deva | <◌ो> | राम्रो ‘good’ | |
| png-Latn | <o> | koko, turo | |
| ru-Cyrl | <о> | о́блако ‘cloud’ | When stressed |
| ru-Cyrl | <ё> | шёпот ‘whisper’ | When stressed |
| srr-Arab | <ا◌ࣷ> | اࣷنقࣹ ‘(article)’ | word initial |
| srr-Arab | <◌ࣷ> | دࣷنْ ‘to perceive’ | |
| srr-Latn | <o> | for ‘slim’ | |
| wo-Arab | <◌ٗ> | خٗگْ ‘to get up’ | |
| wo-Latn | <o◌́> | jóg ‘to get up’ |
/oː/ - lengthened close-mid back rounded vowel
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| apd-Latn | <oo> | mooz ‘bananas’ | |
| apd-Latn | <ō> | mōz ‘bananas’ | Hillelson orthography |
| bcy-Latn | <oo> | ootə ‘sickness’ | |
| fub-Arab | <ع◌ٛو> | عٛورُغٛ ‘to graze (cows)’ | word initial |
| fub-Arab | <◌ٛو> | کِيتٛووٛ ‘judge’, بٛو ‘also’ | unlike the waw consonant, when waw elongates a vowel it does not take a sukun |
| fub-Latn | <oo> | oorugo ‘to graze (cows)’, kiitoowo ‘judge’, boo ‘also’ | |
| ha-Latn | <o> | zobe ‘ring’ | |
| png-Latn | <oo> | hoogi, kooci | |
| srr-Arab | <ا◌ࣷو> | اࣷو ‘(article-example)’ | word initial |
| srr-Arab | <و◌ࣷ> | ࢢࣷوخْ ‘mouse’ | |
| srr-Latn | <oo> | foor ‘mature’ | |
| wo-Arab | <ا◌ٗو> | اٗومْ ‘knee’ | word initial |
| wo-Arab | <◌ٗو> | گٗورْ ‘(be a) man, male’ | |
| wo-Latn | <o◌́o> | góor ‘(be a) man, male’ |
/o̙/ - RTR close-mid back rounded vowel
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ii-Latn | <uo> | uotie ‘turban’ |