Graphemes for /t/ and Related Phonemes

Alveolars

/t/ - voiceless alveolar plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
apd-Latn	<t>	talaata ‘three’
ar-Arab	<ة>	ضرورة ‘necessity’	word final only for feminine ending
ar-Arab	<ت>	مكتبه ‘his office’, تقريري ‘my report’
bcy-Latn	<t>	taa ‘money’
bec-Latn	<t>	te ‘show’, itumu ‘bundle’, ɛkpɛt ‘dregs’
blt-Tavt	<ꪒ>	ꪵꪜꪒ ‘eight’	syllable final
blt-Tavt	<ꪔ>	ꪔꪱ ‘eye’	low tone series (syll. init.)
blt-Tavt	<ꪕ>	ꪹꪕꪸꪉ ‘above’	high tone series (syll. init.)
de-Latn	<dt>	Stadt ‘city’
de-Latn	<th>	Thunfisch ‘tuna’, Mathematik ‘mathematics’	Mostly for loan words and proper nouns
de-Latn	<tt>	Mutter ‘mother’
de-Latn	<t>	Tier ‘animal’
en-Latn	<t>	toy
fub-Arab	<ت>	تٜدُّنغَلْ ‘glory’, نَسْتُغٛ ‘to enter’, غِتٜ ‘eyes’, ڢَکَتْ! ‘true!’, تٛ ‘if’
fub-Latn	<t>	tedduŋgal ‘glory’, nastugo ‘to enter’, gite ‘eyes’, fakat! ‘true!’, to ‘if’
ii-Latn	<d>	dep ‘rise’
nat-Latn	<t>	atabo ‘spoon’, bita̱ ‘thunder’
png-Latn	<t>	tari, ta̱mba̱ra̱
srr-Arab	<ت>	تࣹوْ ‘woman’, رࣹتْ ‘to go’
srr-Latn	<t>	tew ‘woman’, ret ‘to go’
wo-Arab	<ت>	سࣹيتْ ‘consider’
wo-Latn	<t>	seet ‘consider’
xnz-Copt	<ⲧ>
xnz-Latn	<t>
yba-Latn	<t>	ata

/tʰ/ - aspirated voiceless alveolar plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
blt-Tavt	<ꪖ>	ꪖ꫁ꪱ ‘to wait’	low tone series (syll. init.)
blt-Tavt	<ꪗ>	ꪗꪴꪉ ‘barrel’	high tone series (syll. init.)
ii-Latn	<t>	tit ‘here’

/tʲ/ - palatalized voiceless alveolar plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
bcy-Latn	<ty>	tyanga ‘linking’

/tˤ/ - pharyngealized voiceless alveolar plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
apd-Latn	<ƫ>	ƫeer ‘bird’	Persson orthography
apd-Latn	<ṭ>	ṭeer ‘bird’	Hillelson orthography
ar-Arab	<ط>	مطار ‘airport’
bcy-Latn	<d>	daase ‘seed’
dv-Thaa	<އ◌ް>	މުއްޠަލިބް	Occurs before ‹ޠ› to indicate a geminate; only used in words of foreign origin.
dv-Thaa	<ޠ>	ފަލަސްޠީން	Only in words of foreign origin; it is a transliteration of the Arabic letter ‹ط›.

/ⁿt/ - prenasalized voiceless alveolar plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
wo-Arab	<نت>	بَنتَ ‘piece of wood’
wo-Latn	<nt>	banta ‘piece of wood’

/tː/ - geminate voiceless alveolar plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ar-Arab	<ت◌ّ>	كاتب كتّاب ‘writer’
fub-Arab	<ت◌ّ>	يٜتّٛورٜ ‘thanksgiving’
wo-Arab	<ت◌ّ>	اࣴتّ ‘court yard’
wo-Latn	<tt>	ëtt ‘court yard’

/ṭ/ - voiceless alveolar implosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
srr-Arab	<ࢣ>	ࢣࣷولْ ‘leather’, ݒࣷوࢣْ ‘millet’
srr-Latn	<ƭ>	ƭool ‘leather’, pooƭ ‘millet’

Dentals

/t̪/ - voiceless dental plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ast-Latn	<t>	tetu ‘nipple’
dv-Thaa	<އ◌ް>	ބައްތި	Occurs before ‹ތ› to indicate a geminate.
dv-Thaa	<ތ>	ތާނަ
es-Latn	<t>	tomar ‘to take’
ha-Latn	<t>	talauci ‘poverty’
id-Latn	<t>	tahan ‘to last’
lbw-Latn	<t>	taba ‘fat (n.)’, ate ‘liver’
ne-Deva	<त>	तयार ‘ready’
ru-Cyrl	<д>	во́дка ‘vodka’, лёд ‘ice’	Preceding a voiceless consonant or if word-final
ru-Cyrl	<т>	то ‘that’	Preceding either ‹а, о, э, у, ы›, a voiceless consonant, or ‹л, м, н, р, в›, or if word-final

/t̪ʰ/ - aspirated voiceless dental plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ne-Deva	<थ>	थाल ‘plate’

/t̪ʲ/ - palatalized voiceless dental plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ru-Cyrl	<дь>	грудь ‘chest’	Preceding a voiceless consonant or if word-final
ru-Cyrl	<ть>	путь ‘path’	Preceding either a vowel, voiceless consonant, or ‹л, м, н, р, в›, or if word-final
ru-Cyrl	<т>	тень ‘shadow’, дитя́ ‘child’	Preceding ‹я, ё, е, ю, и›

Linguolabials

/t̼/ - voiceless linguolabial plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
nat-Latn	<tw>	tatwo ‘three’, atwo ‘people’