Graphemes for /n/ and Related Phonemes
Alveolars
Section titled “Alveolars”/n/ - alveolar nasal
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| apd-Latn | <n> | naas ‘people’ | |
| ar-Arab | <ن> | مجلتنا ‘our magazine’ | |
| ast-Latn | <n> | cana ‘grey hair’ | |
| bcy-Latn | <n> | nake ‘cow’ | |
| bec-Latn | <n> | na ‘give’, ɛnʉnʉ ‘bird’, ɔmbɔn ‘path’ | |
| blt-Tavt | <ꪘ> | ꪘꪱꪫ ‘cold’ | low tone series (syll. init.) |
| blt-Tavt | <ꪙ> | ꪙꪮꪙ ‘to sleep’ | syllable final |
| de-Latn | <nn> | kann ‘can’ | |
| de-Latn | <n> | Nacht ‘night’ | |
| dv-Thaa | <ނ> | ނޫ | |
| dv-Thaa | <އ◌ް> | މުޙައްނިކު | Occurs before ‹ނ› to indicate a geminate; only used in words of foreign origin. |
| en-Latn | <gn> | gnat | |
| en-Latn | <kn> | knit | |
| en-Latn | <n> | nose | |
| en-Latn | <pn> | pneumonia | |
| es-Latn | <n> | nombre ‘name’ | |
| fub-Arab | <ن> | نَرَّلْ ‘fellowship’, حُنَاغٛ ‘to swear oath’, نَنٛ ‘left’, جَرْنٜ ‘garden’ | |
| fub-Latn | <n> | narral ‘fellowship’, hunaago ‘to swear oath’, nano ‘left’, jarne ‘garden’ | |
| ha-Latn | <n> | nono ‘buttermilk’ | |
| id-Latn | <n> | naik ‘rise’ | |
| ii-Latn | <n> | na ‘ache’ | |
| lbw-Latn | <n> | nohu ‘mortar’, ana ‘child’ | |
| nat-Latn | <n> | naweya ‘today’, bina ‘cow’ | |
| ne-Deva | <ञ> | सञ्चार ‘transmission’ | Always as part of a cluster |
| ne-Deva | <ण> | पूणिर्मा ‘night of a full moon’ | |
| ne-Deva | <न> | नेपाल ‘nepal’ | |
| png-Latn | <n> | nama, na̱nshin | |
| srr-Arab | <ن> | نࣷگࣷيْ ‘old’ | |
| srr-Latn | <n> | nogoy ‘old’ | |
| wo-Arab | <ن> | نࣹلَوْ ‘to sleep’ | |
| wo-Latn | <n> | nelaw ‘to sleep’ | |
| xnz-Copt | <ⲛ> | ||
| xnz-Latn | <n> | ||
| yba-Latn | <n> | na |
/n̥/ - voiceless alveolar nasal
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ii-Latn | <hn> | hni ‘red’ |
/nʷ/ - labialized alveolar nasal
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| nat-Latn | <nw> | unwa̱ ‘mouth’, inwa ‘weave’ | |
| png-Latn | <nw> | nwe̱e̱n |
/nʲ/ - palatalized alveolar nasal
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| nat-Latn | <ny> | nyaga ‘propose’, cinya̱ ‘dew’ |
/nː/ - geminate alveolar nasal
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ar-Arab | <ن◌ّ> | فنّي ‘technical’ | |
| fub-Arab | <ن◌ّ> | طٛنّٛ | |
| wo-Arab | <ن◌ّ> | بࣹنَّ ‘one’ | |
| wo-Latn | <nn> | benna ‘one’ |
/n̩/ - syllabic alveolar nasal
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| png-Latn | <nꞌ> | nꞌrabi, nꞌgiyo |
Sequences including /n/ - alveolar nasal
| Writing System | Phoneme Sequence | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| blt-Tavt | /an/ | <ꪽ> | ꪋ꪿ꪽ ‘beautiful’, ꪙꪽ ‘loud’ | ligature: short /a/ + /n/ |
| de-Latn | /kn/ | <kn> | Knochen ‘bone’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥e/ | <ꅨ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /n̥e/ | <ꅩ> | ꅩꌺ ‘girl’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥e/ | <ꅪ> | ꀊꅪ ‘red’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥e/ | <ꅫ> | ꅫꂿ ‘sister’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥e̙/ | <ꅬ> | ꅬꍽ ‘plant sp.’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥e̙/ | <ꅭ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /n̥e̙/ | <ꅮ> | ꅮ ‘heddle’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥e̙/ | <ꅯ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /n̥ä̙/ | <ꅰ> | ꅰ ‘persuade’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥ä̙/ | <ꅱ> | ꅱꈷꅲꊨ ‘inquisitive’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥ä̙/ | <ꅲ> | ꅲꇢ ‘forehead’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥ä̙/ | <ꅳ> | ꅳꍩ ‘gun’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥o̙/ | <ꅴ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /n̥o̙/ | <ꅵ> | ꈢꅵ ‘background’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥o/ | <ꅶ> | ꅶꁉꍤꁆ ‘both sides’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥o/ | <ꅷ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /n̥o/ | <ꅸ> | ꅸ ‘until’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥ɤ/ | <ꅹ> | ꐛꅹ ‘since’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥ɤ/ | <ꅺ> | ꅺꇰ ‘notify’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥ɤ/ | <ꅻ> | ꅻꌺ ‘ear lobe’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /n̥ʉ̙/ | <ꅼ> | ꅼꇻ ‘deep’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /ne/ | <ꅽ> | ꅽꃤ ‘yours’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /ne/ | <ꅾ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /ne/ | <ꅿ> | ꅿ ‘sprout’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /ne/ | <ꆀ> | ꀡꆀ ‘mud’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /ne̙/ | <ꆁ> | ꆁꆂꅝ ‘nurse’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /ne̙/ | <ꆂ> | ꀌꆂꊥ ‘stubborn’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /ne̙/ | <ꆃ> | ꆃꇤ ‘squash’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nä̙/ | <ꆄ> | ꆄꈻ ‘disease’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nä̙/ | <ꆅ> | ꀽꍹꆅ ‘have malaria’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nä̙/ | <ꆆ> | ꐃꆆ ‘forcefully (urged)’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /no̙/ | <ꆇ> | ꆇꅉꍰꅉ ‘move quietly’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /no̙/ | <ꆈ> | ꀉꆈ ‘black’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /no̙/ | <ꆉ> | ꇆꆉ ‘deep forest’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /no/ | <ꆊ> | ꆊ ‘meat’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /no/ | <ꆋ> | ꆋꌅ ‘status’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /no/ | <ꆌ> | ꆌ ‘equal’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /no/ | <ꆍ> | ꆍꊇ ‘you (plural)’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nɤ/ | <ꆎ> | ꉉꆎ ‘teachable’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nɤ/ | <ꆏ> | ꑬꆏ ‘rest’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nɤ/ | <ꆐ> | ꆐꑊ ‘you (dual)’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nʉ̙/ | <ꆑ> | ꆑ ‘dent’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nʉ/ | <ꆒ> | ꆔꇐꆒꇐ ‘soft’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nʉ/ | <ꆓ> | ꆓ ‘leprosy’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nʉ/ | <ꆔ> | ꁞꆔꀕ ‘tender’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nʉ̙/ | <ꆕ> | ꆕꈓ ‘unsociable’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /nʉ̙/ | <ꆖ> | ꆖꂷ ‘soybean’ |
Dentals
Section titled “Dentals”/n̪/ - dental nasal
None
/n̪ʲ/ - palatalized dental nasal
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ru-Cyrl | <нь> | день ‘day’ | |
| ru-Cyrl | <н> | нёс ‘carried’ | Preceding ‹я, ё, е, ю, и› |
Linguolabials
Section titled “Linguolabials”/n̼/ - linguolabial nasal
None