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Graphemes for /l/ and Related Phonemes

/l/ - alveolar lateral approximant

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
apd-Latn <l> laban ‘milk’
ar-Arab <ل> مجلتنا ‘our magazine’
ast-Latn <l> sele ‘calmly’
bcy-Latn <l> lagba ‘youngman’
bec-Latn <l> lii ‘look for’, ilolu ‘beard’, avel ‘hunting net’
blt-Tavt <> ꪨꪷꪉ ‘after’low tone series (syll. init.)
blt-Tavt <> ꪩꪴꪀ ‘child’high tone series (syll. init.)
de-Latn <ll> alle ‘all’
de-Latn <l> Leben ‘life”
dv-Thaa <އ◌ް> ގެއްލުންOccurs before ‹ލ› to indicate a geminate.
dv-Thaa <ލ> ލޯބި
en-Latn <le> trouble
en-Latn <l> lake
es-Latn <l> luz ‘light’
fub-Arab <ل> لٜکِّ ‘tree, medicine’, غِلْطِ ‘worms’, بَلَّلْ ‘help’, ݠٛولَ ‘dove’, لاَمُ ‘kingdom, rule’, سِلاَوٛ ‘basket’
fub-Latn <l> lekki ‘tree, medicine’, gilɗi ‘worms’, ballal ‘help’, poola ‘dove’, laamu ‘kingdom, rule’, silaawo ‘basket’
ha-Latn <l> likita ‘doctor’
id-Latn <l> lihat ‘see’
ii-Latn <l> le ‘ox’
lbw-Latn <l> lako ‘go’, dale ‘luck, fortune’
nat-Latn <l> lalaga ‘chatting’, olanlan ‘cloud’
ne-Deva <> लेख्नु ‘to write’
png-Latn <l> leemu, langaLoan words only
ru-Cyrl <л> луна́ ‘moon’Preceding either ‹а, о, э, у, ы› or a consonant, or if word-final
srr-Arab <لا> لاَمِتْ ‘to ask a question’
srr-Arab <ل> لَسْ ‘tail’
srr-Latn <l> las ‘tail’
wo-Arab <ل> لࣵکّ ‘to speak a language’
wo-Latn <l> làkk ‘to speak a language’
xnz-Copt <>
xnz-Latn <l>
yba-Latn <l> ɔla

/lʲ/ - palatalized alveolar lateral approximant

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
bcy-Latn <ly> lyentə ‘work’
ru-Cyrl <ль> боль ‘pain’
ru-Cyrl <л> лес ‘forest’Preceding ‹я, ё, е, ю, и

/lː/ - geminate alveolar lateral approximant

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
ar-Arab <ل◌ّ> تلّ ‘hill’
fub-Arab <ل◌ّ> بَلَّلْ ‘help’
wo-Arab <ل◌ّ> دࣹلّࣷو ‘to return (something’
wo-Latn <ll> delloo ‘to return (something’

Sequences including /l/ - alveolar lateral approximant

Writing SystemPhoneme SequenceGraphemeExampleNotes
ii-Yiii/l̥e/ <> ‘dry in the sun’
ii-Yiii/l̥e/ <> ꆘꅝ ‘lose’
ii-Yiii/l̥e/ <> ‘graze’
ii-Yiii/l̥e/ <> ꆚꈈ ‘flail’
ii-Yiii/l̥e̙/ <> ꆛꇤ ‘spill’
ii-Yiii/l̥e̙/ <> ‘spleen’
ii-Yiii/l̥e̙/ <> ꆝꏭꆜꏯ ‘loose’
ii-Yiii/l̥ä̙/ <> ꆞꐟ ‘trousers’
ii-Yiii/l̥ä̙/ <> ꒌꈯꆟꈯ ‘extremely afraid’
ii-Yiii/l̥ä̙/ <> ꁂꆠ ‘cloth strips for lighting fire’
ii-Yiii/l̥ä̙/ <> ꆡꁠ ‘small flat cake’
ii-Yiii/l̥o̙/ <> ꁂꆢꁁꆣ ‘frivolous’
ii-Yiii/l̥o̙/ <> ‘shake’
ii-Yiii/l̥o̙/ <> ꋍꁠꆤ ‘a mouthful’
ii-Yiii/l̥o/ <> ꍯꆥ ‘rice seedlings’
ii-Yiii/l̥o/ <> ꆦꁧ ‘plant sp.’
ii-Yiii/l̥o/ <> ꆧꁨ ‘moon’
ii-Yiii/l̥ɤ/ <> ꀊꆨꃀ ‘long ago’
ii-Yiii/l̥ɤ/ <> ꆩꅍ ‘hat sp.’
ii-Yiii/l̥ɤ/ <> ꆪꈻ ‘postpone’
ii-Yiii/l̥ʉ̙/ <> ꆫꃅꊿ ‘shepherd’
ii-Yiii/l̥ʉ/ <>
ii-Yiii/l̥ʉ/ <> ꆭꑆ ‘leather’
ii-Yiii/l̥ʉ/ <> ꁯꆮ ‘butterfly’
ii-Yiii/l̥ʉ̙/ <>
ii-Yiii/l̥ʉ̙/ <> ‘burn’
ii-Yiii/l̥ɨ̙/ <> ꒊꆱ ‘bellows’
ii-Yiii/l̥ɨ/ <> ꆲꌙ ‘breeze’
ii-Yiii/l̥ɨ/ <> ꃅꆳ ‘the wind’
ii-Yiii/l̥ɨ/ <> ꆴꁮꆱꁮ ‘sloshing around’
ii-Yiii/l̥ɨ̙/ <> ꆵꅐ ‘old’
ii-Yiii/l̥ɨ̙/ <> ‘escape’
ii-Yiii/le/ <> ꆷꃹ ‘idle’
ii-Yiii/le/ <> ꆸꄜ ‘loft’
ii-Yiii/le/ <> ꆹꈈ ‘plowshare’
ii-Yiii/le/ <> ꆺꄝ ‘throat’
ii-Yiii/le̙/ <> ꆻꄧ (place in Yuexi County)
ii-Yiii/le̙/ <> ꆼꑐ ‘crowded’
ii-Yiii/le̙/ <> ꆽꄿ ‘neck’
ii-Yiii/le̙/ <> ꆾꀠ ‘rough’
ii-Yiii/lä̙/ <> ꆿꐛ ‘damaged’
ii-Yiii/lä̙/ <> ꇀꃼ ‘left side’
ii-Yiii/lä̙/ <> ꇁꄿ ‘ravine’
ii-Yiii/lä̙/ <> ꇂꈪ ‘bent’
ii-Yiii/lo̙/ <> ꇃꈡ ‘spade-hoe’
ii-Yiii/lo̙/ <> ꇄꌠ ‘suddenly’
ii-Yiii/lo̙/ <> ꋍꇅꋒ ‘a handful’
ii-Yiii/lo̙/ <> ꇆꆉ ‘deep forest’
ii-Yiii/lo/ <> ꇇꀤ ‘help’
ii-Yiii/lo/ <> ꇈꉌ ‘field mouse’
ii-Yiii/lo/ <> ꇉꌧꂓ ‘walnut’
ii-Yiii/lo/ <> ꇊꃀ ‘grinding basin’
ii-Yiii/lɤ/ <> ꇷꇋ ‘frighten’
ii-Yiii/lɤ/ <> ꇌꎶ ‘steer’
ii-Yiii/lɤ/ <> ꇍꀮ ‘river deer’
ii-Yiii/lʉ̙/ <> ‘enough’
ii-Yiii/lʉ/ <> ꉂꇏꌋꀕ ‘protruding’
ii-Yiii/lʉ/ <> ꇐꀳ ‘proverb’
ii-Yiii/lʉ/ <> ꇑꑣ ‘seize’
ii-Yiii/lʉ̙/ <>
ii-Yiii/lʉ̙/ <> ꇓꂵ ‘stone’
ii-Yiii/lɨ̙/ <> ꇔꇷ ‘artisan’
ii-Yiii/lɨ/ <> ꇕꏒ ‘sigh’
ii-Yiii/lɨ/ <> ‘four’
ii-Yiii/lɨ/ <> ꇗꐛ ‘tangled’
ii-Yiii/lɨ̙/ <> ꇘꑐ ‘shake’
ii-Yiii/lɨ̙/ <> ‘move’

/ɭ/ - retroflex lateral approximant

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
dv-Thaa <ޅ> ރާޅު

/ʎ/ - palatal lateral approximant

Writing SystemGraphemeExampleNotes
ast-Latn <ll> llábana ‘flagstone’
es-Latn <ll> llamar ‘to call’Iberian only