Grapheme Data for /f/ and Related Phonemes
Bilabials
Section titled “Bilabials”/ɸ/ - voiceless bilabial fricative
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ha-Latn | <f> | fyaɗe ‘rape’ | Often merges with /f/ |
Labiodentals
Section titled “Labiodentals”/f/ - voiceless labiodental fricative
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| apd-Latn | <f> | fajur ‘dawn’ | |
| ar-Arab | <ف> | فقير ‘poor’, مستشفى ‘hospital’ | |
| ast-Latn | <f> | figu ‘fig’ | |
| bcy-Latn | <f> | fara ‘stone’ | |
| bec-Latn | <fw> | ofufwe ‘wife’ | Labialised in environment u_e |
| bec-Latn | <f> | falɛ ‘untie’, ifofu ‘debt’, kaf ‘hoe’ | |
| blt-Tavt | <ꪠ> | ꪶꪠꪙ ‘rain’ | low tone series (syll. init.) |
| blt-Tavt | <ꪡ> | ꪡ꫁ꪱ ‘sky’ | high tone series (syll. init.) |
| de-Latn | <ff> | pfiffig ‘smart’ | |
| de-Latn | <f> | Fisch ‘fish’ | |
| de-Latn | <ph> | Physik ‘physics’ | Loan words |
| de-Latn | <v> | Vater ‘father’ | |
| dv-Thaa | <ފ> | ފަސް | |
| en-Latn | <f> | fun | |
| en-Latn | <gh> | laugh, rough | |
| en-Latn | <ph> | phone | |
| es-Latn | <f> | fuego ‘fire’ | |
| fub-Arab | <ڢ> | ڢُلْࢡٜ ‘Fulani People’, تٜڢُغٛ ‘to search’, مِتُڢِ ‘I pricked, injected’, ڢُوڢُ ‘lung’ | |
| fub-Latn | <f> | fulɓe ‘Fulani People’, tefugo ‘to search’, mi tufi ‘I pricked, injected’, fuufu ‘lung’ | |
| id-Latn | <f> | fajar ‘dawn’ | Typically from Arabic; tends to become /p/ in older borrowings (e.g. pikir ‘think’ is now more common than fikir) |
| id-Latn | <v> | vaksin ‘vaccine’ | Pronounced [f]; only used in loan words |
| ii-Latn | <f> | fut ‘six’ | |
| ne-Deva | <फ> | फूल ‘flower’ | |
| png-Latn | <f> | fogi, fuba | |
| ru-Cyrl | <в> | вы́ставка ‘exhibition’, бо́ров ‘hog’ | Preceding a voiceless consonant or if word-final |
| ru-Cyrl | <ф> | фо́рма ‘shape’ | Preceding either ‹а, о, э, у, ы›, a voiceless consonant, or ‹л, м, н, р, в›, or if word-final |
| srr-Arab | <ف> | فَدْ ‘to beat’ | |
| srr-Latn | <f> | fad ‘to beat’ | |
| wo-Arab | <ف> | فࣹرْ ‘to gather’ | |
| wo-Latn | <f> | for ‘to gather’ | |
| xnz-Copt | <ⲫ> | ||
| xnz-Latn | <f> | ||
| yba-Latn | <f> | ɔfiyɛ | ɔ |
/fʷ/ - labialized voiceless labiodental fricative
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| bec-Latn | <fw> | fwap ‘shallow’ |
/fʲ/ - palatalized voiceless labiodental fricative
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| bcy-Latn | <fy> | fyama ‘smell’ | |
| png-Latn | <fw> | fwata, fwara̱ga | |
| ru-Cyrl | <вь> | кровь ‘blood’ | Preceding a voiceless consonant or if word-final |
| ru-Cyrl | <фь> | верфь ‘shipyard’ | Preceding either a vowel, voiceless consonant, or ‹л, м, н, р, в›, or if word-final |
| ru-Cyrl | <ф> | фина́л ‘finale’ | Preceding ‹я, ё, е, ю, и› |
/fː/ - geminate voiceless labio-dental fricative
| Writing System | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| wo-Arab | <ف◌ّ> | فَّتَ ‘Ephatha’ | proper name from the Bible |
| wo-Latn | <ff> | Effata ‘Ephatha’ | proper name from the Bible |
Sequences including /f/ - voiceless labiodental fricative
| Writing System | Phoneme Sequence | Grapheme | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| de-Latn | /pf/ | <pf> | Pferd ‘horse’, Kopf ‘head’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fe/ | <ꃍ> | ꃍꆦ ‘all dressed up’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fe/ | <ꃎ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /fe/ | <ꃏ> | ꀁꃏ ‘thin’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fe/ | <ꃐ> | ꐯꀋꃐ ‘of different width’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fä̙/ | <ꃑ> | ꃑ ‘release’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fä̙/ | <ꃒ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /fä̙/ | <ꃓ> | ꈁꃓ ‘cover ones mouth’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fä̙/ | <ꃔ> | ꃔ ‘crave’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fo/ | <ꃕ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /fo/ | <ꃖ> | ꃖ ‘seal’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fo/ | <ꃗ> | ꃗ ‘approach’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fʉ̙/ | <ꃘ> | ꃘ ‘six’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fʉ/ | <ꃙ> | ꃙꄜ ‘injure’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fʉ/ | <ꃚ> | ꃚꋒ ‘sound’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fʉ/ | <ꃛ> | ꄔꃛ ‘bean curd’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fʉ̙/ | <ꃜ> | ꃜꇤ ‘matchmaker’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fʉ̙/ | <ꃝ> | ꃝ ‘scratch’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fɨ̙/ | <ꃞ> | ꃞꆏ ‘appearance’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fɨ/ | <ꃟ> | ||
| ii-Yiii | /fɨ/ | <ꃠ> | ꃠ ‘ugly’ | |
| ii-Yiii | /fɨ/ | <ꃡ> |