Graphemes for /tʃ/ and Related Phonemes

Post-alveolars

/tʃ/ - voiceless post-alveolar affricate

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ast-Latn	<ch>	muncho ‘many’
bcy-Latn	<c>	ɓacama ‘people’	Borrowed from western Ɓwaatye
blt-Tavt	<ꪊ>	ꪊꪴ꫁ꪣ ‘fishnet’	low tone series (syll. init.)
blt-Tavt	<ꪋ>	ꪵꪋ ‘tea’	high tone series (syll. init.)
de-Latn	<ch>	chillen ‘relax’	Loan words
de-Latn	<tsch>	Deutsch ‘German’, Kutsche ‘carriage’
dv-Thaa	<އ◌ް>	އެއްޗެއް	Occurs before ‹ޗ› to indicate a geminate.
dv-Thaa	<ޗ>	ޗުއްޓީ
en-Latn	<ch>	such, church
en-Latn	<tch>	match
es-Latn	<ch>	mucho ‘much’
fub-Arab	<ش>	شٜىٰدٜ ‘money’, عَشُّغٛ ‘to let’, حَشِّ ‘smells bad’, مِحٛوشِ ‘I took’
fub-Latn	<c>	ceede ‘money’, accugo ‘to let’, hacci ‘smells bad’, mi hooci ‘I took’
ha-Latn	<c>	cika ‘full’
id-Latn	<c>	cacat ‘deformity’
lbw-Latn	<c>	cewe ‘girl’	In words borrowed from Indonesian, which uses the grapheme ‹c› for this phoneme
nat-Latn	<c>	bicici ‘caterpillar’, cinza̱n ‘cotton’
png-Latn	<c>	cika̱, ce̱nye̱n
xnz-Copt	<ϭ>
xnz-Latn	<c>
yba-Latn	<ch>	cha

/tʃʷ/ - labialized voiceless post-alveolar affricate

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
png-Latn	<cw>	cwara, cwe̱e̱n

/tʃː/ - geminate voiceless post-alveolar affricate

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
fub-Arab	<ش◌ّ>	عَشُّغٛ ‘to let’, حَشِّ ‘smells bad’

/tʃ'/ - ejective voiceless post-alveolar affricate

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ha-Latn	<c'>	c’ada ‘expensiveness’	Western Hausa - /tʃ'/ is constrastive with /s'/ before /a/.

Alveo-palatals

/tɕ/ - voiceless alveo-palatal affricate

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ii-Latn	<j>	jy ‘lacquer’
ru-Cyrl	<чь>	течь ‘flow’
ru-Cyrl	<ч>	чай ‘tea’	Preceding either a vowel, a voiceless consonant, or ‹л, м, н, р, в›, or if word-final

/tɕʰ/ - aspirated voiceless alveo-palatal affricate

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ii-Latn	<q>	qop ‘companion’

Palatals

/cç/ - voiceless palatal affricate

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ast-Latn	<ḷḷ>	ḷḷábana ‘flagstone’	Only Western Asturian and south-central Asturias