Grapheme Data for /p/ and Related Phonemes

Bilabials

/p/ - voiceless bilabial plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ast-Latn	<p>	papu ‘jowl’
bcy-Latn	<p>	piyatə ‘rest’
bec-Latn	<p>	pɛsa ‘polish’, ɔpavɛ ‘cockroach’
blt-Tavt	<ꪚ>	ꪎꪲꪚ ‘ten’	syllable final
blt-Tavt	<ꪜ>	ꪜꪱ ‘fish’	low tone series (syll. init.)
blt-Tavt	<ꪝ>	ꪝꪱ ‘to carry’	high tone series (syll. init.)
de-Latn	<pp>	Gruppe ‘group’, knapp ‘scarce’
de-Latn	<p>	Platz ‘place’
dv-Thaa	<އ◌ް>	ބައްޕަ	Occurs before ‹ޕ› to indicate a geminate.
dv-Thaa	<ޕ>	ޕާޓީ
en-Latn	<p>	pat
es-Latn	<p>	pollo ‘chicken’
fub-Arab	<ݠ>	ݠُکَرَاجٛ ‘student’, جِݠَّاغٛ ‘to come down’, سَݠَّ ‘ten’, لٛوݠٜ ‘mud’
fub-Latn	<p>	pukaraajo ‘student’, jippaago ‘to come down’, sappo ‘ten’, loope ‘mud’
id-Latn	<p>	pukul ‘hit’
ii-Latn	<b>	bie ‘dance’
lbw-Latn	<p>	penao ‘spirit’, api ‘fire’
nat-Latn	<p>	apapamo ‘cattle egret’, ipa̱pi ‘bat’
ne-Deva	<प>	पाँच ‘five’
png-Latn	<p>	pana, pa̱ka̱ni
ru-Cyrl	<б>	ры́бка ‘fish’, зуб ‘tooth’	Preceding a voiceless consonant or if word-final
ru-Cyrl	<п>	под ‘under’	Preceding either ‹а, о, э, у, ы›, a voiceless consonant, or ‹л, м, н, р, в›, or if word-final
srr-Arab	<ݒ>	ݒࣷوࢣْ ‘millet’, دَݒْ ‘to wash’
srr-Latn	<p>	pooƭ ‘millet’, dap ‘to wash’
wo-Arab	<ݒ>	ݒࣹݒّ ‘seed, grain’
wo-Latn	<p>	pepp ‘seed, grain’
yba-Latn	<p>	po

/pʰ/ - aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ii-Latn	<p>	pu ‘price’
ne-Deva	<फ>	फूल ‘flower’

/pʷ/ - labialized voiceless bilabial plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
nat-Latn	<pw>	epwopwo ‘knife’, pwata ‘traditional food’
png-Latn	<pw>	pwasa, upwa

/pʲ/ - palatalized voiceless bilabial plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
nat-Latn	<py>	pyana ‘moon’, mupyela ‘wind’
png-Latn	<py>	pyanda, pyau
ru-Cyrl	<бь>	зыбь ‘swell’	Preceding a voiceless consonant or if word-final
ru-Cyrl	<пь>	цепь ‘chain’	Preceding either a vowel, voiceless consonant, or ‹л, м, н, р, в›, or if word-final
ru-Cyrl	<п>	пе́пел ‘ash’	Preceding ‹я, ё, е, ю, и›

/ᵐp/ - prenasalized voiceless bilabial plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
wo-Arab	<مݒ>	سَمݒ ‘plant, establish’
wo-Latn	<mp>	samp ‘plant, establish’

/pː/ - geminate voiceless bilabial plosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
fub-Arab	<ݠ◌ّ>	جِݠَّاغٛ ‘to come down’
wo-Arab	<ݒ◌ّ>	نࣷݒَّ ‘to rest, cease’
wo-Latn	<pp>	noppi ‘to rest, cease’

/p̣/ - voiceless bilabial implosive

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
srr-Arab	<ݕ>	ݕَيْ ‘hands’
srr-Latn	<ƥ>	ƥay ‘hands’

Double articulations involving /p/ - voiceless bilabial plosive

Writing System	Phoneme	Grapheme	Example	Notes
bcy-Latn	/k͡p/	<kp>	kpa ‘calabash’
bec-Latn	/k͡p/	<kp>	kpiili ‘tie’, ɔkpʉmʉ ‘bottle’
png-Latn	/k͡p/	<kp>	kpaata, kpukpukpu

Sequences including /p/ - voiceless bilabial plosive

Writing System	Phoneme Sequence	Grapheme	Example	Notes
blt-Tavt	/ap/	<ꪚ◌ꪾ>	ꪝꪾꪚ ‘to fold’	short /a/ + /p/ (alternative)
blt-Tavt	/ap/	<◌ꪷꪚ>	ꪝꪷꪚ ‘to fold’	short /a/ + /p/ (alternative)
blt-Tavt	/ap/	<◌ꪾꪚ>	ꪝꪾꪚ ‘to fold’	short /a/ + /p/
de-Latn	/pf/	<pf>	Pferd ‘horse’, Kopf ‘head’
ii-Yiii	/pe/	<ꀖ>	ꀖ ‘dig up’
ii-Yiii	/pe/	<ꀗ>	ꀗꊪ ‘small cup’
ii-Yiii	/pe/	<ꀘ>	ꀘ ‘read’
ii-Yiii	/pe/	<ꀙ>	ꀙꏢ ‘Beijing’
ii-Yiii	/pe̙/	<ꀚ>
ii-Yiii	/pe̙/	<ꀛ>	ꀛꐂ ‘dance’
ii-Yiii	/pe̙/	<ꀜ>	ꀜ ‘kick’
ii-Yiii	/pe̙/	<ꀝ>	ꀝꄇ ‘carrying pole’
ii-Yiii	/pä̙/	<ꀞ>	ꃆꀞ ‘horse’
ii-Yiii	/pä̙/	<ꀟ>	ꀟꏜ ‘grass sp.’
ii-Yiii	/pä̙/	<ꀠ>	ꀌꀠ ‘frog’
ii-Yiii	/pä̙/	<ꀡ>	ꀡꆀ ‘mud’
ii-Yiii	/po̙/	<ꀢ>
ii-Yiii	/po̙/	<ꀣ>	ꀣꈜ ‘crevice’
ii-Yiii	/po̙/	<ꀤ>	ꇇꀤ ‘help’
ii-Yiii	/po/	<ꀥ>	ꀥꄖ ‘basket sp.’
ii-Yiii	/po/	<ꀦ>	ꀦꏢ ‘search’
ii-Yiii	/po/	<ꀧ>	ꀁꀧ ‘bladder’
ii-Yiii	/po/	<ꀨ>	ꀨꎹ ‘look after’
ii-Yiii	/pɤ/	<ꀩ>
ii-Yiii	/pɤ/	<ꀪ>	ꀪ ‘Oh!’
ii-Yiii	/pɤ/	<ꀫ>	ꀫꀪ ‘Oh!’
ii-Yiii	/pʉ̙/	<ꀬ>	ꀬꅑ ‘bold’
ii-Yiii	/pʉ/	<ꀭ>	ꀭꄮ ‘Butuo’
ii-Yiii	/pʉ/	<ꀮ>	ꃬꀮ ‘rooster’
ii-Yiii	/pʉ/	<ꀯ>	ꀯꃹ ‘spindle’
ii-Yiii	/pʉ̙/	<ꀰ>	ꀰꎓꌍꑷ ‘noisy’
ii-Yiii	/pʉ̙/	<ꀱ>	ꀱꇁ ‘come back’
ii-Yiii	/pɨ̙/	<ꀲ>
ii-Yiii	/pɨ/	<ꀳ>	ꇐꀳ ‘proverb’
ii-Yiii	/pɨ/	<ꀴ>	ꀴꊪ ‘a boil’
ii-Yiii	/pɨ/	<ꀵ>	ꀵ ‘carry on the back’
ii-Yiii	/pɨ̙/	<ꀶ>
ii-Yiii	/pɨ̙/	<ꀷ>	ꀷ ‘infant’s thin feces’
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ/	<ꀸ>	ꈂꀸ ‘mouth’
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ/	<ꀹ>	ꀹꑳ ‘polite’
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ/	<ꀺ>	ꀺ ‘cut open’
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ/	<ꀻ>	ꌩꀻ ‘wooden board’
ii-Yiii	/pʰe̙/	<ꀼ>
ii-Yiii	/pʰe̙/	<ꀽ>	ꀽꍹꆅ ‘have malaria’
ii-Yiii	/pʰe̙/	<ꀾ>	ꉴꀾ ‘amber’
ii-Yiii	/pʰä̙/	<ꀿ>	ꀿꃀ ‘parents’
ii-Yiii	/pʰä̙/	<ꁀ>	ꁀꎿ ‘sack’
ii-Yiii	/pʰä̙/	<ꁁ>	ꀉꁁ ‘other’
ii-Yiii	/pʰä̙/	<ꁂ>	ꁂꆠ ‘cloth strips for lighting fire’
ii-Yiii	/pʰo̙/	<ꁃ>
ii-Yiii	/pʰo̙/	<ꁄ>	ꁅꌔꁄꌕ ‘whisper’
ii-Yiii	/pʰo̙/	<ꁅ>	ꁅꌔꁄꌕ ‘whisper’
ii-Yiii	/pʰo/	<ꁆ>	ꇇꋍꁆ ‘one hand’
ii-Yiii	/pʰo/	<ꁇ>	ꉘꁇꁉ ‘flourishing’
ii-Yiii	/pʰo/	<ꁈ>	ꁈꁧ ‘flag’
ii-Yiii	/pʰo/	<ꁉ>	ꁉ ‘open’
ii-Yiii	/pʰʉ̙/	<ꁊ>	ꁊ ‘scatter’
ii-Yiii	/pʰʉ/	<ꁋ>	ꁋꈤ ‘clean and dry’
ii-Yiii	/pʰʉ/	<ꁌ>	ꁌꐥ ‘expensive’
ii-Yiii	/pʰʉ/	<ꁍ>	ꁍ ‘tie’
ii-Yiii	/pʰʉ̙/	<ꁎ>	ꁎꅐ ‘oustanding’
ii-Yiii	/pʰʉ̙/	<ꁏ>	ꁏ ‘oppose’
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ̙/	<ꁐ>	ꁐ ‘spit’
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ/	<ꁑ>	ꁑꍠ ‘sting’
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ/	<ꁒ>	ꁒ ‘painful’
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ/	<ꁓ>	ꁓꅔ ‘buttocks’
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ̙/	<ꁔ>
ii-Yiii	/pʰɨ̙/	<ꁕ>	ꁕ ‘fold’

Labiodentals

None