Graphemes for /ŋ/ and Related Phonemes

Velars

/ŋ/ - velar nasal

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
bcy-Latn	<ng>	ngaja ‘groom’	Western Ɓwaatye
bec-Latn	<ŋ>	ɛzɛŋɛ ‘egg’, ɔlɔŋ ‘trousers’
blt-Tavt	<ꪈ>	ꪈꪾ꪿ ‘to think’	low tone series (syll. init.)
blt-Tavt	<ꪉ>	ꪹꪋ꪿ꪉ ‘thing’	syllable final
de-Latn	<ng>	fangen ‘to catch’
de-Latn	<n>	danke ‘thank you’	Before ‹k›
en-Latn	<ng>	rang
fub-Arab	<نغ>	نغَرٛلْ ‘beauty’, وَنغِنْغٛ ‘to show’, ࢡِنغْغٜلْ ‘child’, مِبنَغْغِ ‘I married’, عٛوَنغْغَ ‘he shows’
fub-Latn	<ŋ>	ŋarol ‘beauty’, waŋgingo ‘to show’, ɓiŋgel ‘child’, mi baŋgi ‘I married’, O waŋga ‘he shows’
id-Latn	<ng>	ngomong ‘talk’, mengganggu ‘to bother’
ii-Latn	<ng>	nge ‘five’
lbw-Latn	<ng>	ngisi ‘tooth’, wingi ‘night’
ne-Deva	<ङ>	नङ ‘nail’	Word-final and onomatopoeic only
srr-Arab	<ݝ>	ݝَتْ ‘to bite’
srr-Latn	<ŋ>	ŋat ‘to bite’
wo-Arab	<ݝ>	دَݝَرْ ‘poison’
wo-Latn	<ŋ>	daŋar ‘poison’
yba-Latn	<ng>	ngu

/ŋː/ - geminate velar nasal

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
wo-Arab	<ݝ◌ّ>	فࣵݝَّارَلْ ‘(to) show through’
wo-Latn	<ŋŋ>	fàŋŋaaral ‘(to) show through’

Double articulations involving /ŋ/ - velar nasal

Writing System	Phoneme	Grapheme	Example	Notes
bec-Latn	/ŋ͡m/	<ŋm>	ɔŋmaŋa ‘face-dye plant’

Sequences including /ŋ/ - velar nasal

Writing System	Phoneme Sequence	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ii-Yiii	/ŋe̙/	<ꉝ>	ꉟꆽꉝꆽ ‘shaking back and forth’
ii-Yiii	/ŋe̙/	<ꉞ>	ꀍꉞ ‘nod’
ii-Yiii	/ŋe̙/	<ꉟ>	ꉟꆽꉝꆽ ‘shaking back and forth’
ii-Yiii	/ŋä̙/	<ꉠ>	ꉠꃤ ‘mine’
ii-Yiii	/ŋä̙/	<ꉡ>	ꉡꑌꋙꋠꏾ ‘I also want to eat’
ii-Yiii	/ŋä̙/	<ꉢ>	ꉢ ‘I’
ii-Yiii	/ŋä̙/	<ꉣ>	ꉣꑊ ‘the two of us’
ii-Yiii	/ŋo̙/	<ꉤ>	ꉤꏣ ‘trigger’
ii-Yiii	/ŋo̙/	<ꉥ>	ꉥꑣ ‘delicate’
ii-Yiii	/ŋo̙/	<ꉦ>	ꉦꃀ ‘chest’
ii-Yiii	/ŋo/	<ꉧ>	ꇥꉧ ‘tongs’
ii-Yiii	/ŋo/	<ꉨ>	ꉨꏵ ‘crisp and tasty’
ii-Yiii	/ŋo/	<ꉩ>	ꃅꉩ ‘overcast’
ii-Yiii	/ŋo/	<ꉪ>	ꉪ ‘we’
ii-Yiii	/ŋɤ/	<ꉫ>	ꀒꉭꊂꉫ ‘hesitate’
ii-Yiii	/ŋɤ/	<ꉬ>	ꉬ ‘five’
ii-Yiii	/ŋɤ/	<ꉭ>	ꉭ ‘lean’