Graphemes for /x/ and Related Phonemes

Velars

/x/ - voiceless velar fricative

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ar-Arab	<خ>	أخبار ‘news’
blt-Tavt	<ꪄ>	ꪄꪱꪥ ‘to sell’	low tone series (syll. init.)
blt-Tavt	<ꪅ>	ꪼꪅ꫁ ꪙꪲ꫁ ‘now’	high tone series (syll. init.)
de-Latn	<ch>	machen ‘make’, dich ‘you’	Pronounced [ɕ] after front vowels and consonants
de-Latn	<g>	König ‘king’	Word-finally after i
dv-Thaa	<އ◌ް>	ތައްޚާނު	Only in words of foreign origin. Occurs before ‹ޚ› to indicate a geminate.
dv-Thaa	<ޚ>	ޚަބަރު	A letter devised to transliterate Arabic ‹خ›. Occurs only in words of foreign origin.
es-Latn	<g>	gemela ‘twin’	‹g› is /x/ only before e and i
es-Latn	<j>	juego ‘game’
es-Latn	<x>	México, Oaxaco	Historical spellings
fub-Arab	<خ>	خَبَرُ ‘news’	borrowed words only
fub-Latn	<kh>	khabaru ‘news’	borrowed words only
id-Latn	<kh>	khawatir ‘worried’	Typically from Arabic; pronounced /k/ or /h/ by some speakers
ii-Latn	<h>	hat ‘bottom’
ru-Cyrl	<г>	бог ‘god’	Only appears word-finally in some words and phrases derived from religious terms or in interjections
ru-Cyrl	<х>	ход ‘motion’, дух ‘spirit’	Preceding either ‹а, о, э, у› or a consonant, or if word-final
wo-Arab	<خ>	خࣷلْ ‘heart’
wo-Latn	<x>	xol ‘heart’

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/xʲ/ - palatalized voiceless velar fricative

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ru-Cyrl	<г>	лёгкий ‘lightweight’	Only appears in some words and phrases derived from religious terms or in interjections
ru-Cyrl	<хь>	хью́стон ‘Houston’
ru-Cyrl	<х>	хи́трый ‘cunning’	Preceding ‹ё, е, и›

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