Graphemes for /ɨ/ and Related Phonemes

Close

/ɨ/ - close central unrounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
bcy-Latn	<ɨ>	ɨltə ‘finding’
blt-Tavt	<◌ꪳ>	ꪊꪳ꪿ ‘to remember’	fluctuates freely to [ɯ]
ii-Latn	<y>	ly ‘four’	Often transcribed /ɿ/ apical vowel.
ru-Cyrl	<е>	жена́ ‘wife’, цена́ ‘price’	When unstressed and after an always-hard (non-palatalized) consonant (‹ж, ш, ц›) or hard prepositions
ru-Cyrl	<и>	переживёт ‘outlive’, шить ‘sew’, ши́шка ‘cone’, с и́грами ‘with games’, к ива́ну ‘to ivan’, {lang:first-char	When preceeded by an always-hard (non-palatalized) consonant (‹ж, ш, ц›) or hard prepositions. Some linguists consider /ɨ/ to be an allophone of /i/, rather than an independent phoneme
ru-Cyrl	<ы>	ты ‘you’, дыша́ть ‘breathe’, во́ды ‘waters’	Some linguists consider /ɨ/ to be an allophone of /i/, rather than an independent phoneme
ru-Cyrl	<э>	эта́п ‘stage’	When unstressed. Some linguists consider /ɨ/ to be an allophone of /i/, rather than an independent phoneme

/ɨ̙/ - RTR close central unrounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ii-Latn	<yr>	pyr ‘district’	Often transcribed /ɿ̱/ apical vowel with 'tight throat'

Near-close

/ɪ̈/ - near-close central unrounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
bec-Latn	<ɛ>	ɔvɛla ‘rain’, ɛsalɛ ‘broom’

Close-mid

/ɘ/ - close-mid central unrounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
id-Latn	<e>	enam ‘six’, apel ‘apple’
png-Latn	<a◌̱>	a̱sa̱ga̱na̱, ga̱ya̱

/ɘ̃/ - nasalized close-mid central unrounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
png-Latn	<a◌̱n>	a̱nta̱ni, ha̱nta̱ni

/ɘː/ - lengthened close-mid central unrounded vowel

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
png-Latn	<a◌̱a◌̱>	a̱a̱da̱bi, ra̱a̱