Grapheme Data for /v/ and Related Phonemes

Bilabials

/β/ - voiced bilabial fricative

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
lbw-Latn	<w>	wula ‘moon; month’, awu ‘dust, ash’	Edwards chose the voiced bilabial {em:approximant} as the phoneme rather than the voiced bilabial fricative.

Labiodentals

/v/ - voiced labiodental fricative

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
apd-Latn	<v>	tilivizyoon ‘television’	Persson othography – occurs only in borrowed words
bcy-Latn	<v>	vake ‘fish’
bec-Latn	<v>	va ‘come’, ivu ‘goat’, ɛkɛv ‘example’
blt-Tavt	<ꪪ>	ꪪꪲ ‘comb’	low tone series (syll. init.)
blt-Tavt	<ꪫ>	ꪵꪫ꪿ꪙ ‘glass’	high tone series (syll. init.)
de-Latn	<v>	Vakuum ‘vacuum’	In foreign words when not at the end of the word
de-Latn	<w>	Wort ‘word’
en-Latn	<f>	of
en-Latn	<v>	violet
ii-Latn	<v>	vie ‘flower’
png-Latn	<v>	vom, vuunvuun
ru-Cyrl	<в>	вы ‘you’	Preceding either ‹а, о, э, у, ы› or a voiced consonant
ru-Cyrl	<г>	его́ ‘his’, сего́дня ‘today’, итого́ ‘total’	Only in words or parts of compound words with the suffix -ого/-его
ru-Cyrl	<ф>	афга́н ‘afghan’	Preceding a voiced consonant (except for ‹л, м, н, р, в›)

/vʷ/ - labialized voiced labiodental fricative

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
png-Latn	<vw>	vwain, vwaan

/vʲ/ - palatalized voiced labiodental fricative

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ru-Cyrl	<вь>	вью́га ‘snowstorm’	Preceding a vowel or a voiced consonant (except for ‹л, м, н, р, в›)
ru-Cyrl	<в>	весь ‘all’	Preceding ‹я, ё, е, ю, и›