Graphemes for Front + Back Diphthongs

Falling

/iu/ - close front unrounded + close back rounded diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ne-Deva	<ईउ>	जीउ ‘body’	/iu/ can be represented by ‹ईउ›, ‹ईˌु›, ‹ˌीˌु›, or ‹ीउ›.
wo-Arab	<◌ِو>	دِوْ ‘to lubricate’
wo-Latn	<iw>	diw ‘to lubricate’

/iːu/ - lengthened close front unrounded + close back rounded diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
wo-Arab	<◌ِيو>	سِيوْ ‘to be famous, well known’
wo-Latn	<iiw>	siiw ‘to be famous, well known’

/eu/ - close-mid front unrounded + close back rounded diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ast-Latn	<eu>	feu ‘ugly’
es-Latn	<eu>	neutral ‘neutral’, Europa ‘Europe’
ne-Deva	<एउ>	एउटा ‘one (thing)’	/eu/ can be represented by ‹एउ›, ‹एु›, ‹ˌेˌु›, or ‹ˌेउ›.
wo-Arab	<◌ࣺو>	دࣺوࣺنْ ‘next year’
wo-Latn	<éw>	déwén ‘next year’

/eːu/ - lengthened close-mid front unrounded + close back rounded diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
wo-Arab	<◌ࣺيو>	رࣺيوْ ‘country’
wo-Latn	<éew>	réew ‘country’

/ɛu/ - open-mid near-front unrounded + close back rounded diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
wo-Arab	<◌ࣹو>	سࣹوْ ‘to be thin’
wo-Latn	<ew>	sew ‘to be thin’

/ɛːu/ - lengthened open-mid near-front unrounded + close back rounded diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
wo-Arab	<◌ࣹيو>	رࣹيوْ ‘impolite’
wo-Latn	<eew>	reew ‘impolite’

/au/ - open near-front unrounded + close back rounded diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ast-Latn	<au>	prau ‘meadow’
de-Latn	<au>	Hause ‘house’
dv-Thaa	<◌ައ◌ު>	މައުލުމާތު
en-Latn	<ough>	bough
en-Latn	<ou>	round
en-Latn	<ow>	how
es-Latn	<au>	causa ‘cause’
id-Latn	<au>	mau ‘want’, atau ‘or’, kalau ‘if’
ne-Deva	<आउ>	आउनु ‘to come	/au/ can be represented by ‹आउ›, ‹आु›, ‹ˌाˌु›, or ‹ˌाउ›.
png-Latn	<au>	wau, ambyau
wo-Arab	<◌َو>	دَوْ ‘to run’
wo-Latn	<aw>	daw ‘to run’

/aːu/ - lengthened open near-front unrounded + close back rounded diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
wo-Arab	<◌َاو>	بَاوَانْ ‘to flow like water’
wo-Latn	<aaw>	baawaan ‘to flow like water’

Rising

/ju/ - close front unrounded + close back rounded rising diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ast-Latn	<iu>	lladroniciu ‘robbery’
en-Latn	<eau>	beautiful	Loan word
en-Latn	<eu>	Europe	Sound is closer to [jʊ].
en-Latn	<ew>	few
en-Latn	<ui>	nuisance	Yod-dropping occurs before alveolar consonants in most American dialects, changing /ju/ to /u/.
en-Latn	<u>	music
es-Latn	<iu>	ciudad ‘city’, viuda ‘widow’

/jo/ - close front unrounded + close-mid back rounded rising diphthong

Writing System	Grapheme	Example	Notes
ast-Latn	<io>	pioyu ‘louse’
es-Latn	<io>	Dios ‘God’, labio ‘lip’

/jɑ/ - close front unrounded + open back unrounded rising diphthong

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