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Character Requirements for Phonetics and Transliteration (Latin)

If a font supports all of the following characters, we believe that all IPA requirements, most phonetic, linguistic, transliteration and transcription uses (in Latin script) would be met. Note, however, that this list does not include required characters for orthographic description of languages, just phonetic, linguistic or transliteration use.

There are comments below about glyph variants that may be needed to support some instances.

The process for developing this list was based on the following (in order of process):

  • A review of custom-encoded phonetic fonts
  • A review of the IPA handbook including both official and unofficial characters
  • A review of the Library of Congress transliteration tables
  • A review of annotations in The Unicode Standard charts
  • Decision to include all Codepage 1252 and MacRoman characters
  • Decision to include many characters required for publishing (spaces and dashes)
  • Decision that if a combining mark combining mark, such as ◌̂ was required, then all precomposed characters with that mark should also be included. (e.g., if a was in the subset, then â was also included in the subset, but since neither ◌̉ nor were in the subset, was not included in the subset).
  • Feedback on the resulting character set
GraphicUSVNameComment
0020
!0021
"0022
#0023
$0024
%0025
&0026
'0027
(0028
)0029
*002A
+002B
,002C
-002D
.002E
/002F
00030
10031
20032
30033
40034
50035
60036
70037
80038
90039
:003A
;003B
<003C
=003D
>003E
?003F
@0040
A0041
B0042
C0043
D0044
E0045
F0046
G0047
H0048
I0049
J004A
K004B
L004C
M004D
N004E
O004F
P0050
Q0051
R0052
S0053
T0054
U0055
V0056
W0057
X0058
Y0059
Z005A
[005B
\005C
]005D
^005E
_005F
`0060
a0061
a0061
b0062
c0063
d0064
e0065
f0066
g0067
h0068
i0069
j006A
k006B
l006C
m006D
n006E
o006F
p0070
q0071
r0072
s0073
t0074
u0075
v0076
w0077
x0078
y0079
z007A
{007B
|007C
}007D
~007E
 00A0
¡00A1
¢00A2
£00A3
¤00A4
¥00A5
¦00A6
¨00A8
©00A9
ª00AA
«00AB
¬00AC
­00AD
®00AE
¯00AF
°00B0
±00B1
²00B2
³00B3
´00B4
µ00B5
00B6
·00B7
¸00B8
¹00B9
º00BA
»00BB
¿00BF
À00C0
Á00C1
Â00C2
Ã00C3
Ä00C4
Å00C5
Æ00C6
Ç00C7
È00C8
É00C9
Ê00CA
Ë00CB
Ì00CC
Í00CD
Î00CE
Ï00CF
Ð00D0
Ñ00D1
Ò00D2
Ó00D3
Ô00D4
Õ00D5
Ö00D6
×00D7
Ø00D8
Ù00D9
Ú00DA
Û00DB
Ü00DC
Ý00DD
Þ00DE
ß00DF
à00E0
á00E1
â00E2
ã00E3
ä00E4
å00E5
æ00E6
ç00E7
è00E8
é00E9
ê00EA
ë00EB
ì00EC
í00ED
î00EE
ï00EF
ð00F0
ñ00F1
ò00F2
ó00F3
ô00F4
õ00F5
ö00F6
÷00F7
ø00F8
ù00F9
ú00FA
û00FB
ü00FC
ý00FD
þ00FE
ÿ00FF
Ā0100
ā0101
Ă0102
ă0103
Ą0104
ą0105
Ć0106
ć0107
Ĉ0108
ĉ0109
Ċ010A
ċ010B
Č010C
č010D
Ď010E
ď010F
Đ0110
đ0111
Ē0112
ē0113
Ĕ0114
ĕ0115
Ė0116
ė0117
Ę0118
ę0119
Ě011A
ě011B
Ĝ011C
ĝ011D
Ğ011E
ğ011F
Ġ0120
ġ0121
Ģ0122
ģ0123
Ĥ0124
ĥ0125
Ħ0126
ħ0127
Ĩ0128
ĩ0129
Ī012A
ī012B
Ĭ012C
ĭ012D
Į012E
į012F
İ0130
ı0131
Ĵ0134
ĵ0135
Ķ0136
ķ0137
Ĺ0139
ĺ013A
Ļ013B
ļ013C
Ľ013D
ľ013E
Ł0141
ł0142
Ń0143
ń0144
Ņ0145
ņ0146
Ň0147
ň0148
Ŋ014AA capital eng which is based on the capital N with a hook descender on the right leg (see Uppercase Eng: N-style) would likely be preferred in linguistic usage.
ŋ014B
Ō014C
ō014D
Ŏ014E
ŏ014F
Ő0150
ő0151
Œ0152
œ0153
Ŕ0154
ŕ0155
Ŗ0156
ŗ0157
Ř0158
ř0159
Ś015A
ś015B
Ŝ015C
ŝ015D
Ş015E
ş015F
Š0160
š0161
Ţ0162
ţ0163
Ť0164
ť0165
Ŧ0166
ŧ0167
Ũ0168
ũ0169
Ū016A
ū016B
Ŭ016C
ŭ016D
Ů016E
ů016F
Ű0170
ű0171
Ų0172
ų0173
Ŵ0174
ŵ0175
Ŷ0176
ŷ0177
Ÿ0178
Ź0179
ź017A
Ż017B
ż017C
Ž017D
ž017E
ſ017F
ƀ0180
Ɓ0181
Ɔ0186
Ƈ0187
ƈ0188
Ɖ0189
Ɗ018A
ƍ018D
Ə018F
Ɛ0190
Ƒ0191
ƒ0192
Ɠ0193
Ɣ0194
ƕ0195
Ɩ0196
Ɨ0197
Ƙ0198
ƙ0199
ƚ019A
ƛ019B
Ɯ019C
Ɲ019D
ƞ019E
Ɵ019F
Ơ01A0
ơ01A1
Ƥ01A4
ƥ01A5There is a glyph variant for this character (see Glyph Variant for U+01A5). However, the glyph on the left is the standard glyph used for phonetics.
Ʀ01A6
Ʃ01A9
ƪ01AA
ƫ01AB
Ƭ01AC
ƭ01AD
Ʈ01AE
Ư01AF
ư01B0
Ʊ01B1
Ʋ01B2
Ƴ01B3
ƴ01B4
Ʒ01B7
Ƹ01B8
ƹ01B9
ƺ01BA
ƻ01BB
ƾ01BE
ǀ01C0
ǁ01C1
ǂ01C2
ǃ01C3
Ǎ01CD
ǎ01CE
Ǐ01CF
ǐ01D0
Ǒ01D1
ǒ01D2
Ǔ01D3
ǔ01D4
Ǖ01D5
ǖ01D6
Ǘ01D7
ǘ01D8
Ǚ01D9
ǚ01DA
Ǜ01DB
ǜ01DC
Ǟ01DE
ǟ01DF
Ǡ01E0
ǡ01E1
Ǣ01E2
ǣ01E3
Ǥ01E4
ǥ01E5
Ǧ01E6
ǧ01E7
Ǩ01E8
ǩ01E9
Ǫ01EA
ǫ01EB
Ǭ01EC
ǭ01ED
Ǯ01EE
ǯ01EF
ǰ01F0
Ǵ01F4
ǵ01F5
Ƕ01F6
Ǹ01F8
ǹ01F9
Ǻ01FA
ǻ01FB
Ǽ01FC
ǽ01FD
Ǿ01FE
ǿ01FF
Ȁ0200
ȁ0201
Ȃ0202
ȃ0203
Ȅ0204
ȅ0205
Ȇ0206
ȇ0207
Ȉ0208
ȉ0209
Ȋ020A
ȋ020B
Ȍ020C
ȍ020D
Ȏ020E
ȏ020F
Ȑ0210
ȑ0211
Ȓ0212
ȓ0213
Ȕ0214
ȕ0215
Ȗ0216
ȗ0217
Ș0218
ș0219
Ț021A
ț021B
Ȟ021E
ȟ021F
ȡ0221
Ȧ0226
ȧ0227
Ȩ0228
ȩ0229
Ȫ022A
ȫ022B
Ȭ022C
ȭ022D
Ȯ022E
ȯ022F
Ȱ0230
ȱ0231
Ȳ0232
ȳ0233
ȴ0234
ȵ0235
ȶ0236
ȷ0237
ȸ0238
ȹ0239
Ȼ023B
ȼ023C
Ƚ023D
Ƀ0243
Ʉ0244
Ʌ0245
ɐ0250
ɑ0251
ɒ0252
ɓ0253
ɔ0254
ɕ0255
ɖ0256
ɗ0257
ɘ0258
ə0259
ɚ025A
ɛ025B
ɜ025C
ɝ025D
ɞ025E
ɟ025F
ɠ0260
ɡ0261
ɢ0262
ɣ0263
ɤ0264
ɥ0265
ɦ0266
ɧ0267
ɨ0268
ɩ0269
ɪ026A
ɫ026B
ɬ026C
ɭ026D
ɮ026E
ɯ026F
ɰ0270
ɱ0271
ɲ0272
ɳ0273
ɴ0274
ɵ0275
ɶ0276
ɷ0277
ɸ0278
ɹ0279
ɺ027A
ɻ027B
ɼ027C
ɽ027D
ɾ027E
ɿ027F
ʀ0280
ʁ0281
ʂ0282
ʃ0283
ʄ0284
ʅ0285
ʆ0286
ʇ0287
ʈ0288
ʉ0289
ʊ028A
ʋ028B
ʌ028C
ʍ028D
ʎ028E
ʏ028F
ʐ0290
ʑ0291
ʒ0292
ʓ0293
ʔ0294
ʕ0295
ʖ0296
ʗ0297
ʘ0298
ʙ0299
ʚ029A
ʛ029B
ʜ029C
ʝ029D
ʞ029E
ʟ029F
ʠ02A0
ʡ02A1
ʢ02A2
ʣ02A3
ʤ02A4
ʥ02A5
ʦ02A6
ʧ02A7
ʨ02A8
ʩ02A9
ʪ02AA
ʫ02AB
ʬ02AC
ʭ02AD
ʮ02AE
ʯ02AF
ʰ02B0
ʱ02B1
ʲ02B2
ʳ02B3
ʴ02B4
ʵ02B5
ʶ02B6
ʷ02B7
ʸ02B8
ʹ02B9
ʺ02BA
ʻ02BB
ʼ02BC
ʽ02BD
ʾ02BE
ʿ02BF
ˀ02C0
ˁ02C1
˂02C2
˃02C3
˄02C4
˅02C5
ˆ02C6
ˇ02C7
ˈ02C8
ˉ02C9
ˊ02CA
ˋ02CB
ˌ02CC
ˍ02CD
ˎ02CE
ˏ02CF
ː02D0
ˑ02D1
˒02D2
˓02D3
˔02D4
˕02D5
˖02D6
˗02D7
˘02D8
˙02D9
˚02DA
˛02DB
˜02DC
˝02DD
˞02DE
˟02DF
ˠ02E0
ˡ02E1
ˢ02E2
ˣ02E3
ˤ02E4
˥02E5
˦02E6
˧02E7
˨02E8
˩02E9
˪02EA
˫02EB
ˬ02EC
˭02ED
ˮ02EE
˯02EF
˰02F0
˱02F1
˲02F2
˳02F3
˴02F4
˵02F5
˶02F6
˷02F7
˸02F8
˹02F9
˺02FA
˻02FB
˼02FC
˽02FD
˾02FE
˿02FF
◌̀0300
◌́0301
◌̂0302
◌̃0303
◌̄0304
◌̆0306
◌̇0307
◌̈0308
◌̊030A
◌̋030B
◌̌030C
◌̍030D
◌̎030E
◌̏030F
◌̐0310
◌̑0311
◌̓0313
◌̕0315
◌̖0316
◌̗0317
◌̘0318
◌̙0319
◌̚031A
◌̜031C
◌̝031D
◌̞031E
◌̟031F
◌̠0320
◌̣0323
◌̤0324
◌̥0325
◌̦0326
◌̧0327
◌̨0328
◌̩0329
◌̪032A
◌̫032B
◌̬032C
◌̭032D
◌̮032E
◌̯032F
◌̰0330
◌̱0331
◌̴0334
◌̹0339
◌̺033A
◌̻033B
◌̼033C
◌̽033D
◌͆0346
◌͇0347
◌͈0348
◌͉0349
◌͊034A
◌͋034B
◌͌034C
◌͍034D
◌͎034E
◌͏034F
◌͐0350
◌͑0351
◌͒0352
◌͓0353
◌͔0354
◌͕0355
◌͖0356
◌͗0357
◌͘0358
◌͚035A
◌͛035B
◌͜035C
◌͝035D
◌͞035E
◌͟035F
◌͠0360
◌͡0361
◌͢0362
Θ0398
α03B1
β03B2When used for Greek, the bottom of this character usually does not have a serif. However, when used for phonetics, the stem usually does have a serif at the bottom. (see Glyph Variant for U+03B2 )
θ03B8
λ03BB
χ03C7
1D00
1D01
1D02
1D03
1D04
1D05
1D06
1D07
1D08
1D09
1D0A
1D0B
1D0C
1D0D
1D0E
1D0F
1D10
1D11
1D12
1D13
1D14
1D15
1D16
1D17
1D18
1D19
1D1A
1D1B
1D1C
1D1D
1D1E
1D1F
1D20
1D21
1D22
1D23
1D24
1D25
1D26
1D27
1D28
1D29
1D2A
1D2B
1D2C
1D2D
1D2E
1D2F
1D30
1D31
1D32
1D33
1D34
1D35
1D36
1D37
1D38
1D39
1D3A
1D3B
1D3C
1D3D
1D3E
ᴿ1D3F
1D40
1D41
1D42
1D43
1D44
1D45
1D46
1D47
1D48
1D49
1D4A
1D4B
1D4C
1D4D
1D4E
1D4F
1D50
1D51
1D52
1D53
1D54
1D55
1D56
1D57
1D58
1D59
1D5A
1D5B
1D5C
1D5D
1D5E
1D5F
1D60
1D61
1D62
1D63
1D64
1D65
1D66
1D67
1D68
1D69
1D6A
1D6B
1D6C
1D6D
1D6E
1D6F
1D70
1D71
1D72
1D73
1D74
1D75
1D76
1D77
1D78
1D79
1D7A
1D7B
1D7C
1D7D
1D7E
ᵿ1D7F
1D80
1D81
1D82
1D83
1D84
1D85
1D86
1D87
1D88
1D89
1D8A
1D8B
1D8C
1D8D
1D8E
1D8F
1D90
1D91
1D92
1D93
1D94
1D95
1D96
1D97
1D98
1D99
1D9A
1D9B
1D9C
1D9D
1D9E
1D9F
1DA0
1DA1
1DA2
1DA3
1DA4
1DA5
1DA6
1DA7
1DA8
1DA9
1DAA
1DAB
1DAC
1DAD
1DAE
1DAF
1DB0
1DB1
1DB2
1DB3
1DB4
1DB5
1DB6
1DB7
1DB8
1DB9
1DBA
1DBB
1DBC
1DBD
1DBE
ᶿ1DBF
◌᷂1DC2
◌᷄1DC4
◌᷅1DC5
◌᷆1DC6
◌᷇1DC7
◌᷈1DC8
◌᷉1DC9
◌᷍1DCD
◌᷽1DFD
◌᷾1DFE
◌᷿1DFF
1E00
1E01
1E02
1E03
1E04
1E05
1E06
1E07
1E08
1E09
1E0A
1E0B
1E0C
1E0D
1E0E
1E0F
1E10
1E11
1E12
1E13
1E14
1E15
1E16
1E17
1E18
1E19
1E1A
1E1B
1E1C
1E1D
1E1E
1E1F
1E20
1E21
1E22
1E23
1E24
1E25
1E26
1E27
1E28
1E29
1E2A
1E2B
1E2C
1E2D
1E2E
1E2F
1E30
1E31
1E32
1E33
1E34
1E35
1E36
1E37
1E38
1E39
1E3A
1E3B
1E3C
1E3D
1E3E
ḿ1E3F
1E40
1E41
1E42
1E43
1E44
1E45
1E46
1E47
1E48
1E49
1E4A
1E4B
1E4C
1E4D
1E4E
1E4F
1E50
1E51
1E52
1E53
1E54
1E55
1E56
1E57
1E58
1E59
1E5A
1E5B
1E5C
1E5D
1E5E
1E5F
1E60
1E61
1E62
1E63
1E64
1E65
1E66
1E67
1E68
1E69
1E6A
1E6B
1E6C
1E6D
1E6E
1E6F
1E70
1E71
1E72

This article formerly appeared on ScriptSource.