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Character Requirements for Phonetics and Transliteration (Latin)

If a font supports all of the following characters, we believe that all IPA requirements, most phonetic, linguistic, transliteration and transcription uses (in Latin script) would be met. Note, however, that this list does not include required characters for orthographic description of languages, just phonetic, linguistic or transliteration use.

There are comments below about glyph variants that may be needed to support some instances.

The process for developing this list was based on the following (in order of process):

  • A review of custom-encoded phonetic fonts
  • A review of the IPA handbook including both official and unofficial characters
  • A review of the Library of Congress transliteration tables
  • A review of annotations in The Unicode Standard charts
  • Decision to include all Codepage 1252 and MacRoman characters
  • Decision to include many characters required for publishing (spaces and dashes)
  • Decision that if a combining mark combining mark, such as ◌̂ was required, then all precomposed characters with that mark should also be included. (e.g., if a was in the subset, then â was also included in the subset, but since neither ◌̉ nor ả were in the subset, ẩ was not included in the subset).
  • Feedback on the resulting character set
GraphicUSVNameComment
0020
!0021
"0022
#0023
$0024
%0025
&0026
'0027
(0028
)0029
*002A
+002B
,002C
-002D
.002E
/002F
00030
10031
20032
30033
40034
50035
60036
70037
80038
90039
:003A
;003B
<003C
=003D
>003E
?003F
@0040
A0041
B0042
C0043
D0044
E0045
F0046
G0047
H0048
I0049
J004A
K004B
L004C
M004D
N004E
O004F
P0050
Q0051
R0052
S0053
T0054
U0055
V0056
W0057
X0058
Y0059
Z005A
[005B
\005C
]005D
^005E
_005F
`0060
a0061
a0061
b0062
c0063
d0064
e0065
f0066
g0067
h0068
i0069
j006A
k006B
l006C
m006D
n006E
o006F
p0070
q0071
r0072
s0073
t0074
u0075
v0076
w0077
x0078
y0079
z007A
{007B
|007C
}007D
~007E
 00A0
¡00A1
¢00A2
£00A3
¤00A4
¥00A5
¦00A6
¨00A8
©00A9
ª00AA
«00AB
¬00AC
­00AD
®00AE
¯00AF
°00B0
±00B1
²00B2
³00B3
´00B4
µ00B5
00B6
·00B7
¸00B8
¹00B9
º00BA
»00BB
¿00BF
À00C0
Á00C1
Â00C2
Ã00C3
Ä00C4
Å00C5
Æ00C6
Ç00C7
È00C8
É00C9
Ê00CA
Ë00CB
Ì00CC
Í00CD
Î00CE
Ï00CF
Ð00D0
Ñ00D1
Ò00D2
Ó00D3
Ô00D4
Õ00D5
Ö00D6
×00D7
Ø00D8
Ù00D9
Ú00DA
Û00DB
Ü00DC
Ý00DD
Þ00DE
ß00DF
à00E0
á00E1
â00E2
ã00E3
ä00E4
å00E5
æ00E6
ç00E7
è00E8
é00E9
ê00EA
ë00EB
ì00EC
í00ED
î00EE
ï00EF
ð00F0
ñ00F1
ò00F2
ó00F3
ô00F4
õ00F5
ö00F6
÷00F7
ø00F8
ù00F9
ú00FA
û00FB
ü00FC
ý00FD
þ00FE
ÿ00FF
Ā0100
ā0101
Ă0102
ă0103
Ą0104
ą0105
Ć0106
ć0107
Ĉ0108
ĉ0109
Ċ010A
ċ010B
Č010C
č010D
Ď010E
ď010F
Đ0110
đ0111
Ē0112
ē0113
Ĕ0114
ĕ0115
Ė0116
ė0117
Ę0118
ę0119
Ě011A
ě011B
Ĝ011C
ĝ011D
Ğ011E
ğ011F
Ġ0120
ġ0121
Ģ0122
ģ0123
Ĥ0124
ĥ0125
Ħ0126
ħ0127
Ĩ0128
ĩ0129
Ī012A
ī012B
Ĭ012C
ĭ012D
Į012E
į012F
İ0130
ı0131
Ĵ0134
ĵ0135
Ķ0136
ķ0137
Ĺ0139
ĺ013A
Ļ013B
ļ013C
Ľ013D
ľ013E
Ł0141
ł0142
Ń0143
ń0144
Ņ0145
ņ0146
Ň0147
ň0148
Ŋ014AA capital eng which is based on the capital N with a hook descender on the right leg (see Uppercase Eng: N-style) would likely be preferred in linguistic usage.
ŋ014B
Ō014C
ō014D
Ŏ014E
ŏ014F
Ő0150
ő0151
Œ0152
œ0153
Ŕ0154
ŕ0155
Ŗ0156
ŗ0157
Ř0158
ř0159
Ś015A
ś015B
Ŝ015C
ŝ015D
Ş015E
ş015F
Š0160
š0161
Ţ0162
ţ0163
Ť0164
ť0165
Ŧ0166
ŧ0167
Ũ0168
ũ0169
Ū016A
ū016B
Ŭ016C
ŭ016D
Ů016E
ů016F
Ű0170
ű0171
Ų0172
ų0173
Ŵ0174
ŵ0175
Ŷ0176
ŷ0177
Ÿ0178
Ź0179
ź017A
Ż017B
ż017C
Ž017D
ž017E
ſ017F
ƀ0180
Ɓ0181
Ɔ0186
Ƈ0187
ƈ0188
Ɖ0189
Ɗ018A
ƍ018D
Ə018F
Ɛ0190
Ƒ0191
ƒ0192
Ɠ0193
Ɣ0194
ƕ0195
Ɩ0196
Ɨ0197
Ƙ0198
ƙ0199
ƚ019A
ƛ019B
Ɯ019C
Ɲ019D
ƞ019E
Ɵ019F
Ơ01A0
ơ01A1
Ƥ01A4
ƥ01A5There is a glyph variant for this character (see Glyph Variant for U+01A5). However, the glyph on the left is the standard glyph used for phonetics.
Ʀ01A6
Ʃ01A9
ƪ01AA
ƫ01AB
Ƭ01AC
ƭ01AD
Ʈ01AE
Ư01AF
ư01B0
Ʊ01B1
Ʋ01B2
Ƴ01B3There is a glyph variant for this character (see Glyph Variant for U+01B3)
ƴ01B4
Ʒ01B7
Ƹ01B8
ƹ01B9
ƺ01BA
ƻ01BB
ƾ01BE
ǀ01C0
ǁ01C1
ǂ01C2
ǃ01C3
Ǎ01CD
ǎ01CE
Ǐ01CF
ǐ01D0
Ǒ01D1
ǒ01D2
Ǔ01D3
ǔ01D4
Ǖ01D5
ǖ01D6
Ǘ01D7
ǘ01D8
Ǚ01D9
ǚ01DA
Ǜ01DB
ǜ01DC
Ǟ01DE
ǟ01DF
Ǡ01E0
ǡ01E1
Ǣ01E2
ǣ01E3
Ǥ01E4
ǥ01E5
Ǧ01E6
ǧ01E7
Ǩ01E8
ǩ01E9
Ǫ01EA
ǫ01EB
Ǭ01EC
ǭ01ED
Ǯ01EE
ǯ01EF
ǰ01F0
Ǵ01F4
ǵ01F5
Ƕ01F6
Ǹ01F8
ǹ01F9
Ǻ01FA
ǻ01FB
Ǽ01FC
ǽ01FD
Ǿ01FE
ǿ01FF
Ȁ0200
ȁ0201
Ȃ0202
ȃ0203
Ȅ0204
ȅ0205
Ȇ0206
ȇ0207
Ȉ0208
ȉ0209
Ȋ020A
ȋ020B
Ȍ020C
ȍ020D
Ȏ020E
ȏ020F
Ȑ0210
ȑ0211
Ȓ0212
ȓ0213
Ȕ0214
ȕ0215
Ȗ0216
ȗ0217
Ș0218
ș0219
Ț021A
ț021B
Ȟ021E
ȟ021F
ȡ0221
Ȧ0226
ȧ0227
Ȩ0228
ȩ0229
Ȫ022A
ȫ022B
Ȭ022C
ȭ022D
Ȯ022E
ȯ022F
Ȱ0230
ȱ0231
Ȳ0232
ȳ0233
ȴ0234
ȵ0235
ȶ0236
ȷ0237
ȸ0238
ȹ0239
Ȼ023B
ȼ023C
Ƚ023D
Ƀ0243
Ʉ0244
Ʌ0245
ɐ0250
ɑ0251
ɒ0252
ɓ0253
ɔ0254
ɕ0255
ɖ0256
ɗ0257
ɘ0258
ə0259
ɚ025A
ɛ025B
ɜ025C
ɝ025D
ɞ025E
ɟ025F
ɠ0260
ɡ0261
ɢ0262
ɣ0263
ɤ0264
ɥ0265
ɦ0266
ɧ0267
ɨ0268
ɩ0269
ɪ026A
ɫ026B
ɬ026C
ɭ026D
ɮ026E
ɯ026F
ɰ0270
ɱ0271
ɲ0272
ɳ0273
ɴ0274
ɵ0275
ɶ0276
ɷ0277
ɸ0278
ɹ0279
ɺ027A
ɻ027B
ɼ027C
ɽ027D
ɾ027E
ɿ027F
ʀ0280
ʁ0281
ʂ0282
ʃ0283
ʄ0284
ʅ0285
ʆ0286
ʇ0287
ʈ0288
ʉ0289
ʊ028A
ʋ028B
ʌ028C
ʍ028D
ʎ028E
ʏ028F
ʐ0290
ʑ0291
ʒ0292
ʓ0293
ʔ0294
ʕ0295
ʖ0296
ʗ0297
ʘ0298
ʙ0299
ʚ029A
ʛ029B
ʜ029C
ʝ029D
ʞ029E
ʟ029F
ʠ02A0
ʡ02A1
ʢ02A2
ʣ02A3
ʤ02A4
ʥ02A5
ʦ02A6
ʧ02A7
ʨ02A8
ʩ02A9
ʪ02AA
ʫ02AB
ʬ02AC
ʭ02AD
ʮ02AE
ʯ02AF
ʰ02B0
ʱ02B1
ʲ02B2
ʳ02B3
ʴ02B4
ʵ02B5
ʶ02B6
ʷ02B7
ʸ02B8
ʹ02B9
ʺ02BA
ʻ02BB
ʼ02BC
ʽ02BD
ʾ02BE
ʿ02BF
ˀ02C0
ˁ02C1
˂02C2
˃02C3
˄02C4
˅02C5
ˆ02C6
ˇ02C7
ˈ02C8
ˉ02C9
ˊ02CA
ˋ02CB
ˌ02CC
ˍ02CD
ˎ02CE
ˏ02CF
ː02D0
ˑ02D1
˒02D2
˓02D3
˔02D4
˕02D5
˖02D6
˗02D7
˘02D8
˙02D9
˚02DA
˛02DB
˜02DC
˝02DD
˞02DE
˟02DF
ˠ02E0
ˡ02E1
ˢ02E2
ˣ02E3
ˤ02E4
˥02E5
˦02E6
˧02E7
˨02E8
˩02E9
˪02EA
˫02EB
ˬ02EC
˭02ED
ˮ02EE
˯02EF
˰02F0
˱02F1
˲02F2
˳02F3
˴02F4
˵02F5
˶02F6
˷02F7
˸02F8
˹02F9
˺02FA
˻02FB
˼02FC
˽02FD
˾02FE
˿02FF
◌̀0300
◌́0301
◌̂0302
◌̃0303
◌̄0304
◌̆0306
◌̇0307
◌̈0308
◌̊030A
◌̋030B
◌̌030C
◌̍030D
◌̎030E
◌̏030F
◌̐0310
◌̑0311
◌̓0313
◌̕0315
◌̖0316
◌̗0317
◌̘0318
◌̙0319
◌̚031A
◌̜031C
◌̝031D
◌̞031E
◌̟031F
◌̠0320
◌̣0323
◌̤0324
◌̥0325
◌̦0326
◌̧0327
◌̨0328
◌̩0329
◌̪032A
◌̫032B
◌̬032C
◌̭032D
◌̮032E
◌̯032F
◌̰0330
◌̱0331
◌̴0334
◌̹0339
◌̺033A
◌̻033B
◌̼033C
◌̽033D
◌͆0346
◌͇0347
◌͈0348
◌͉0349
◌͊034A
◌͋034B
◌͌034C
◌͍034D
◌͎034E
◌͏034F
◌͐0350
◌͑0351
◌͒0352
◌͓0353
◌͔0354
◌͕0355
◌͖0356
◌͗0357
◌͘0358
◌͚035A
◌͛035B
◌͜035C
◌͝035D
◌͞035E
◌͟035F
◌͠0360
◌͡0361
◌͢0362
Θ0398
α03B1
β03B2When used for Greek, the bottom of this character usually does not have a serif. However, when used for phonetics, the stem usually does have a serif at the bottom. (see Glyph Variant for U+03B2 )
θ03B8
λ03BB
χ03C7
ᴀ1D00
ᴁ1D01
ᴂ1D02
ᴃ1D03
ᴄ1D04
ᴅ1D05
ᴆ1D06
ᴇ1D07
ᴈ1D08
ᴉ1D09
ᴊ1D0A
ᴋ1D0B
ᴌ1D0C
ᴍ1D0D
ᴎ1D0E
ᴏ1D0F
ᴐ1D10
ᴑ1D11
ᴒ1D12
ᴓ1D13
ᴔ1D14
ᴕ1D15
ᴖ1D16
ᴗ1D17
ᴘ1D18
ᴙ1D19
ᴚ1D1A
ᴛ1D1B
ᴜ1D1C
ᴝ1D1D
ᴞ1D1E
ᴟ1D1F
ᴠ1D20
ᴡ1D21
ᴢ1D22
ᴣ1D23
ᴤ1D24
ᴥ1D25
ᴦ1D26
ᴧ1D27
ᴨ1D28
ᴩ1D29
ᴪ1D2A
ᴫ1D2B
ᴬ1D2C
ᴭ1D2D
ᴮ1D2E
ᴯ1D2F
ᴰ1D30
ᴱ1D31
ᴲ1D32
ᴳ1D33
ᴴ1D34
ᴵ1D35
ᴶ1D36
ᴷ1D37
ᴸ1D38
ᴹ1D39
ᴺ1D3A
ᴻ1D3B
ᴼ1D3C
ᴽ1D3D
ᴾ1D3E
ᴿ1D3F
ᵀ1D40
ᵁ1D41
ᵂ1D42
ᵃ1D43
ᵄ1D44
ᵅ1D45
ᵆ1D46
ᵇ1D47
ᵈ1D48
ᵉ1D49
ᵊ1D4A
ᵋ1D4B
ᵌ1D4C
ᵍ1D4D
ᵎ1D4E
ᵏ1D4F
ᵐ1D50
ᵑ1D51
ᵒ1D52
ᵓ1D53
ᵔ1D54
ᵕ1D55
ᵖ1D56
ᵗ1D57
ᵘ1D58
ᵙ1D59
ᵚ1D5A
ᵛ1D5B
ᵜ1D5C
ᵝ1D5D
ᵞ1D5E
ᵟ1D5F
ᵠ1D60
ᵡ1D61
ᵢ1D62
ᵣ1D63
ᵤ1D64
ᵥ1D65
ᵦ1D66
ᵧ1D67
ᵨ1D68
ᵩ1D69
ᵪ1D6A
ᵫ1D6B
ᵬ1D6C
ᵭ1D6D
ᵮ1D6E
ᵯ1D6F
ᵰ1D70
ᵱ1D71
ᵲ1D72
ᵳ1D73
ᵴ1D74
ᵵ1D75
ᵶ1D76
ᵷ1D77
ᵸ1D78
ᵹ1D79
ᵺ1D7A
ᵻ1D7B
ᵼ1D7C
ᵽ1D7D
ᵾ1D7E
ᵿ1D7F
ᶀ1D80
ᶁ1D81
ᶂ1D82
ᶃ1D83
ᶄ1D84
ᶅ1D85
ᶆ1D86
ᶇ1D87
ᶈ1D88
ᶉ1D89
ᶊ1D8A
ᶋ1D8B
ᶌ1D8C
ᶍ1D8D
ᶎ1D8E
ᶏ1D8F
ᶐ1D90
ᶑ1D91
ᶒ1D92
ᶓ1D93
ᶔ1D94
ᶕ1D95
ᶖ1D96
ᶗ1D97
ᶘ1D98
ᶙ1D99
ᶚ1D9A
ᶛ1D9B
ᶜ1D9C
ᶝ1D9D
ᶞ1D9E
ᶟ1D9F
ᶠ1DA0
ᶡ1DA1
ᶢ1DA2
ᶣ1DA3
ᶤ1DA4
ᶥ1DA5
ᶦ1DA6
ᶧ1DA7
ᶨ1DA8
ᶩ1DA9
ᶪ1DAA
ᶫ1DAB
ᶬ1DAC
ᶭ1DAD
ᶮ1DAE
ᶯ1DAF
ᶰ1DB0
ᶱ1DB1
ᶲ1DB2
ᶳ1DB3
ᶴ1DB4
ᶵ1DB5
ᶶ1DB6
ᶷ1DB7
ᶸ1DB8
ᶹ1DB9
ᶺ1DBA
ᶻ1DBB
ᶼ1DBC
ᶽ1DBD
ᶾ1DBE
ᶿ1DBF
◌᷂1DC2
◌᷄1DC4
◌᷅1DC5
◌᷆1DC6
◌᷇1DC7
◌᷈1DC8
◌᷉1DC9
◌᷍1DCD
◌᷽1DFD
◌᷾1DFE
◌᷿1DFF
Ḁ1E00
ḁ1E01
Ḃ1E02
ḃ1E03
Ḅ1E04
ḅ1E05
Ḇ1E06
ḇ1E07
Ḉ1E08
ḉ1E09
Ḋ1E0A
ḋ1E0B
Ḍ1E0C
ḍ1E0D
Ḏ1E0E
ḏ1E0F
Ḑ1E10
ḑ1E11
Ḓ1E12
ḓ1E13
Ḕ1E14
ḕ1E15
Ḗ1E16
ḗ1E17
Ḙ1E18
ḙ1E19
Ḛ1E1A
ḛ1E1B
Ḝ1E1C
ḝ1E1D
Ḟ1E1E
ḟ1E1F
Ḡ1E20
ḡ1E21
Ḣ1E22
ḣ1E23
Ḥ1E24
ḥ1E25
Ḧ1E26
ḧ1E27
Ḩ1E28
ḩ1E29
Ḫ1E2A
ḫ1E2B
Ḭ1E2C
ḭ1E2D
Ḯ1E2E
ḯ1E2F
Ḱ1E30
ḱ1E31
Ḳ1E32
ḳ1E33
Ḵ1E34
ḵ1E35
Ḷ1E36
ḷ1E37
Ḹ1E38
ḹ1E39
Ḻ1E3A
ḻ1E3B
Ḽ1E3C
ḽ1E3D
Ḿ1E3E
ḿ1E3F
Ṁ1E40
ṁ1E41
Ṃ1E42
ṃ1E43
Ṅ1E44
ṅ1E45
Ṇ1E46
ṇ1E47
Ṉ1E48
ṉ1E49
Ṋ1E4A
ṋ1E4B
Ṍ1E4C
ṍ1E4D
Ṏ1E4E
ṏ1E4F
Ṑ1E50
ṑ1E51
Ṓ1E52
ṓ1E53
Ṕ1E54
ṕ1E55
Ṗ1E56
ṗ1E57
Ṙ1E58
ṙ1E59
Ṛ1E5A
ṛ1E5B
Ṝ1E5C
ṝ1E5D
Ṟ1E5E
ṟ1E5F
Ṡ1E60
ṡ1E61
Ṣ1E62
ṣ1E63
Ṥ1E64
ṥ1E65
Ṧ1E66
ṧ1E67
Ṩ1E68
ṩ1E69
Ṫ1E6A
ṫ1E6B
Ṭ1E6C
ṭ1E6D
Ṯ1E6E
ṯ1E6F
Ṱ1E70
ṱ1E71
Ṳ1E72

This article formerly appeared on ScriptSource.