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Writing Systems Technical Resources

Latin

Latin script sample

Script details

Section titled “Script details”
See all script details: code, region, status and more
Code Latn
Script type alphabet
Region European
Status Current
Direction LTR
Baseline bottom
Case yes
White space between words
Complex behaviors diacritics, complex positioning, optional ligatures
OpenType code latn
ISO 15924 Number 215 (left-to-right alphabetic)

Explanation of script details

Script description

Section titled “Script description”

The Latin script (also called the Roman script) is the most widely used writing system in the world, being the script of the English language, spoken by over 300,000,000 people worldwide.

Read the full description…It is also the script used for writing a number of Romance, Germanic, Baltic and non-Indo-European languages, as well as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

The script was derived from the Western variant of the Greek alphabet. The earliest extant inscription, an engraved brooch now in the ‘Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico Luigi Pigorini’ in Rome, has been dated to the 7th century BC. The script developed slowly over the next thousand years, and by the 4th century AD many of the modern forms had been developed, and writing had settled into a consistent left to right direction. The Latin script was disseminated throughout western, northern and central Europe and the Baltic countries along with the Christian religion. However it was not until the colonization of the Americas, Australia, and parts of Asia, Africa and the Pacific that the script began to spread outside of Europe, carried by the English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Dutch languages.

As the script spread around the world, a number of language-specific amendments were made in order to accurately represent the sounds of various languages. These included ligatures, for example the German esszett ß, and a number of diacritics. Some languages also adapted the alphabet by the addition of entirely new letters, such as eth Ðð used in Faroese and Icelandic or epsilon Ɛɛ used in many Niger-Congo orthographies.

The Latin script is bicameral; it is written using both upper- and lower-case letters. It is written horizontally from left to right. Each letter sits on the baseline, with some letters having descenders hanging below the baseline, and some having ascenders protruding beyond the x-height. The script also uses a set of punctuation, which is almost entirely consistent across European languages. Exceptions to this include different syles of quotation marks (“ ” and « »), the Greek question mark, which is identical to the semicolon in many other languages (;), and the Spanish inverted question/exclamation marks (¿ and ¡).

Digits from 0-9 are used. These can be combined to represent larger numbers.

Languages that use this script

Section titled “Languages that use this script”
LanguageWriting System
Code		Writing System
Status		SLDR/CLDR
locale		Regional
variants
Aariaiw-Latnin use aiw (SLDR) aiw-Latn-ET (Ethiopia)
Aasáxaas-Latnunwritten aas-Latn-TZ (Tanzania)
Abadikbt-Latnin use kbt-Latn-PG (Papua New Guinea)
Abai Sungaiabf-Latnunwritten abf-Latn-MY (Malaysia)
Abanglekuobzy-Latnunwritten bzy-Latn-NG (Nigeria)
See complete list

Unicode status

Section titled “Unicode status”

In The Unicode Standard, Latin script implementation is discussed in Chapter 7 Europe-I — Modern and Liturgical Scripts, UTN 26: On the Encoding of Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, and Han, <br />
UTN 29: The Use of Phonetic and Other Symbols in Dictionaries: A Brief Survey, and in UTN 44: Medieval Latin Character Recommendations.

Other:

Resources

Section titled “Resources”

Related articles

External links

Bibliography

  • Bender, Margaret. “Indexicality, voice, and context in the distribution of Cherokee scripts”. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vol. 2008, no. 192, 2008, pp. 91-103, http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/IJSL.2008.037.
  • Clement, Victoria. “Emblems of independence: script choice in post-Soviet Turkmenistan”. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vol. 2008, no. 192, 2008, pp. 171-185, http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/IJSL.2008.042.
  • Coulmas, Florian. “Latin Alphabet”. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems, edited by Florian Coulmas, Blackwell, 2006, pp. 285-287.
  • Coulmas, Florian. “Roman Alphabet”. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems, edited by Florian Coulmas, Blackwell, 2006, pp. 438-439.
  • Gaultney, Victor. “Problems of Diacritic Design for Latin Script Text Faces”. 2002, https://gaultney.org/jvgtype/typedesign/diacritics/.
  • Hartell, Rhonda L., ed. Alphabets of Africa. UNESCO and Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1993.
  • Hatcher, Lynley. “Script change in Azerbaijan: acts of identity”. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vol. 2008, no. 192, 2008, pp. 105-116, http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/IJSL.2008.038.
  • Meletis, Dimitrios and Christa Dürscheid. Writing Systems and Their Use. De Gruyter Mouton, 2022, https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110757835/html#contents.
  • Savage, Andrew. “Writing Tuareg — the three script options”. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vol. 2008, no. 192, 2008, pp. 5-13, http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/IJSL.2008.031.
  • Song, Hye Jeong and Richard Wiese. “Resistance to complexity interacting with visual shape—German and Korean orthography”. Writing Systems Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 2010, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1093/wsr/wsq010.